Social Science, deals with various social groups we encounter in world today; study social groups modes of organization, processes, relationships between groups; deals with group behavior
Major clue that we are talking about something in "sociologic" terms
Groups or family
What country produced "founding fathers" of social science
Greece
Sociology of funeral service
Addresses funeral & disposition of remains, various social groups; begins with arrangment conference, ends with gravesite
Affect of death and how family responds
Who are interested in internal organization and operation of social groups; the ways they maintain or change organizations and the relationship between social groups
Sociologists
Culture
Abstract patterns of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly
Learning from parents and formal education
Direct learning
Learning stimulated by our culture environment
Indirect learning
Urbanization
Increase in percentage of population living in urban settlements and resulting increase in influence of urban culture and lifestyles
Urbanization affects people
In loss of individual
Cultural universal
Abstract patterns concerned with living and dying, which are identifiable in all cultures
Ethnocentrism
Emotional attitude that one's own race, nation, group, or culture is superior to all others
Difference between a rite, a ritual and a ceremony
Ceremony - performance; not as much symbolic
Rite - event; ritual enactment
Ritual is within rite
Any type of rite where body of deceased is present
Funeral
Memorial service
Funeral rite where body is NOT present
All-inclusive term to describe either a funeral or memorial service
Funeral Rite
Traditional funeral rite
Those that follow prescribed ritual or ceremony which may be dictated either by religious beliefs or social customs of society
Adaptive funeral rite
Adjusted to needs and wants of those directly involved; altered to suit trends of times
Humanistic funeral rite
Devoid of religious connotation
Characterisitic of humanistic funeral rite
No religious connotation; led by family or friends
A rite that can be identified with pre-literate society
Primitive Funeral Rite
Funeral rite is a social function
Ture
Enculturation; also called what
Method by which culture or way of life, are learned by new members; or called socialization
Mores; called what
Morally-binding behaviors relating to death that must be followed; "must-behaviors"
Taboos
Must-behavior tells individuals to abstain from certain dealings with death
"Must-behaviors" required by those who "govern"
Laws
Specific steps to carry out laws
Rules
Creation of system which governs through departments and subdivisions managed by sets of officials following an inflexible routine
Bureaucratization
Living or happening in same period
Contemporary
Custom
Social behavior as directed by tradition of people
Cremation
Process by which dead human body is reduced to inorganic bone fragments in specially designed retort
Someone involved in any and all of various stages of funeralization is known as a ________
Funeral Service Practitioner
A basic focus of a great deal of sociological study focuses on the _____
Family unit
The funeral director's main concern about the families they serve
Impact of death of a member of family
Funeral directors client
The family
A FD needs to understand the make-up of the familly unit in order to give adequate _______ to a family
Advice and counsel
It is important for the funeral director to determine the _____ the deceased played in the family to understand the kind of impact the death will have
Role
When a family member dies, the FD first had to determine who ____ the family unit
Governs
Family _____ is divided into three main types
Government
Three main family types
Patriarchal
Matriarchal
Egalitarian
Patriarchal family
Male is doninant governing force; oldest male makes decisions
Matriarchal family
Female is decision maker; oldest female of family rules
In Egalitarian families _____ family members have a voice in family governance and decision making
All
How many identifiable types of family system are there
20-25
Joint Family
Father, Mother, all unmarried children and married sons wife and children; farm based; strong religious faith; conservative; little mobility, tied to land; all members contribute; large
Loss would be less due to size
Married daughters of joint family belong
With family of their husband
Family types are found in Appalachian region, Deep South, some Native American tribes and Amish communities
Extended (Joint) Family
The distinct characteristics of joint families; makes them very ____
Farm based; Self sufficiant
Joint familys have ____ religious faith
Strong
Joint families are very ____ in thought and dress
Conservative
Joint families are not very ____ . They tend not to take vacations or relocate
Mobil
The effect of a death on an extended family
Less hard due to size
Type of family where other members of the unit raise the children if a parent dies
Joint Family
The death of a child in a large ____ family is lessened somewhat because of the number of other children in the unit
Extended (Joint)
Major family type is the smallest
Nuclear family
Nuclear family
Mother, father and their unmarried children; matriarchal, patriarchal, or egalitarian; one of smallest units; economic condition centers around total income; both parents work; more liberal in through and dress; mobile, take vacations, willing to relocate for work; death is greater loss, especially or parent; more child-oriented
Governance can be patriarchal, matriarchal or egalitarian
Nuclear Family
The economic condition of the ____ family centers of the total income of the unit. Both parents may work to support the family
Nuclear
Characteristic of nuclear family
Smallest, more mobile, liberal
Impact of death greatly affects a ____ family
Nuclear
If one parent dies, the ____ family may suffer economic difficulties
Nuclear
If the FD is serving a patriarchal family and the father has dies, what might the family be looking for in the (male) funeral director
Leadership
The ____ family have interacting links that can assist the family with security, protection and help. These links can come through kinship, social friendships, fraternal associations of via the church group to which the family belongs
Nuclear; Extended Nuclear
Linkages (mentioned before) can be described as a ______ family system
Modified Extended Nuclear
Urbanization, industralization and bureaucratization are responsible for brining about gradual _____
Modernization
Industralization (hint: Ford Motor Co)
Change from independent multitalented slef sufficent family centers to employment of family members in jobs outside unit making them dependant on outside resources for their needs
According to Abraham Maslow, all people have basic ____
Needs
Most basic needs, according to Maslow
Food, water, shelter, food
Highest of Maslow's need and the one that most people rarely achieve
Self Actualization
If a member of a nuclear family dies, which one of Maslow's needs will be most shattered
Security
When selecting a funeral rite, a family may base its decision on three areas of _______
Socioeconomics
Three areas
Freedom of choice
Class or social level
Economic position of family
Freedom of ____ of an individual (allows control of economic factors involved with a funeral or memorial_ or family is a basic characteristic of a democratic society
Choice
Third subdivision of socioeconomics affecting the American funeral rite
Call of social level
Although class structure and social stratification is not defined in American life today, it is present
True
Inividuals rarely change more than one class level in a ____
Lifetime/generation
____ is a major criticism of the funeral profession
Overselling
It is said a family with a higher income may be able to explore more funeral options than other families, but the type of funeral they select is based upon the intangible factor of how that family perceives the funeral rite
True
The social class to which a person belongs (their occupation, income, living standards, availability to medical care) may determine their
Life expectancy
Major area that affects the American funeral rite
Area of country, location
______ funerals are strong in the south, whereas in the west, memorial services with cremation have become the contemporary choice
Traditional
Ethnic concentrations as well as economic levels in different sections of American cities cause a great deal of variation in a funeral rite
True
Often the _____ selected for a funeral is determined by the region in which the family lives (Example: wood producing areas and wood caskets)
Merchandise
Style of casket and type of flowers are determined by _____ and _____
Geographic prefrence; region
Neo-localism
Tendency to relocate away from area where they were born/raised
An effective _____ is needed to introduce the funeral home including facilities and services to the consuming public
Public relations
The dominant religion in the US basically
Judeo Christian
Freedom of choice is one of the basic tenets of the American
Democracy
Capitalism
Economic system in which envestment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth
America is a very ___ society
Youth oriented
With respect to death, Americans are generally a ____ society
Death denying
Thanatology
Study of death, dieing and grief
With respect to neo-localism, America is a nation on-the-go. _____ is common and an accepted way of life
Relocation
Class
Social grouping in which members possess roughly equivalent culturally valued attributes
Demographics
Vital statistics, or of births, deaths, marriages, in a population
Socail Mobility
The up-ward or downward movement of a person or family within the social classes of their society and culture
Subcultures
Groups within groups; divisions of a culture
A period of time prior to the funeral which family and society at-large to comfort on another over the death of someone they knew or were related to is called _____
Visitation
A period of time where family and the society-at large can see the deceased in an open casket setting is called ____
Viewing
The funeral home is normally the site for the committal service
False
Some ways a FD may make multiple use of the funeral home
Church, community groups
The deceased myst be viewed by at least one member of the family
False
Calling hours must be set up to enable all members of the working public to participate in the visitation at a funeral home
False
Method of pricing that makes a separate charge for each item of service or merchandise
Itemization
Three keys to successful funeral service in the future
YOUR personal commitment to service
YOUR adaptation and acceptance of change
YOUR belief in yourself and in your profession
Folkways
Construed as somewhat less compulsive than mores of the same society, and do not call for a strong reaction from the society if violated
Kin
Blood relatives
Amcient versus
Modern
Another term for depersonalization
Annanimity (lose sence of self_
Single parent family
One adult
Categorization of people be money, prestige, power, and ranking of social status is called
Class or social stratification
Religion
Culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of: 1 - sacred beliefs, 2 - emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs and 3 - overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings
A sensitive FD does when family members disagree on funeral options
Summarize, offer options; encourage agreement
Blended family
Traditionally the family one acquires when a parent enters a new marriage, whether the parent was widowed or divorced; stepfamily
In a nuclear family, when on spouse dies, who raises the children
Surviving spouce
Cultural relativism
Attitude that all groups equal and important
Religious groups that forbid cremation
Orthodox Jews and muslums
Within an extended patriarchal family, who would assume the leadership position in the familly
Tom age 37, son
Viewing the body may be beneficial in that it will reduce ___
Denial
A deceased Native American on a scaffold is an example of what type of funeral rite
Primitave
A ribbon cutting at a store can be described as a _____
Ceremony
A babtism is a
Ritual
The traditional location for the preparation of a dead human body for funeralization in early America
Home
The person in charge of a funeral
Family
Because funerals are present in every known society, they can be classified as a _______
Cultural universal
If we are able to relocate or travel we are said to be
Mobile
The sone and his family are included in what type(s) of families
Extended/Joint
Urbanization has affected the funeral director in that
it is hard to know families they serve
In the past 50 years, church yard cemeteries have given way to
Modern memorial parts or parks ?
The first event signaling the beginning of a new family unit
Funeral
Sociology of funeral service begins with that at-need arrangement conference and ends with
Gravesite
The upward occupational mobility of a nuclear family is