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What is the Strip Ph principle?
- Double indicator system
- Methy red-4.4-6.6
- Bromothymol blue-6-7.6
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What are interferences for strip Ph?
Old urines give a false alkaline due to ammonia formation.
Falsely acidic with protein runover
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What is the principle of strip protein?
Protein error of indicators
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What are the false positives for Protein?
- detergents
- leaching
- high alkalline urine because it overrides the buffer
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What type of globulins originate in the urinary tract?
Tamm Horsfall protein
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What are causes of Proteinuria?
- Prerenal- myoglobin, hemoglobin, bence jones protein.
- Renal- glomerula disease
- glomerular damage
- preeclampsia
- exercise, fever, extreme cold, orthostatic
- Postrenal- inflammation malignancy, bladder injury
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What can detect early signs of kidney problems?
albumin in urine
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What are three techniques to measure albumin in urine?
- Random urine- normal <30-300 ug albumin/mg creatinine
- 24 hour collection- 30-300mg
- Timed specimen to determine albumin excretion- 20-200 mg/min
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What is orthostatic proteinuria?
Protein positive during day when standing up and negative when asleep or laying down.
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Classic test for Bence Jones Protein?
- Coagulates and precipitates at 40-60 C
- Dissolves at 100 C
- Filter and observe for turbidity at 40-60C
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What is significance of Bence jones proteins?
multiple myeloma
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What is principle of glucose strip?
uses glucose oxidase method with peroxidase
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What are false negatives for glucose?
- ascorbic acid
- aspirin
- high bacteria count
- low temp or high ketones
- homogentisic acid
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What are fase positives for urine glucose?
bleach
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What is the principle of clinitest for glucose?
ability of glucose to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide in presence of heat and alkali.
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What are interfenrences of clinitest?
Other reducing sugars like lactose, fructose, galactose, maltose, pentose, ascorbic acid
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What are ketones?
Products of fat metabolism
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What are the three types of ketones?
- 2% acetone
- 20% acetoacetic acid-detected with sodium nitro prusside
- 78% beta hydorxybutyric acid-not detected
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False negatives with ascorbic acid?
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False negative for Nitrite?
- Vegatable diet
- ascorbic acid
- not all bacteria react
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