Physical Science Final

• existence
• causality
• position symmetry
• Occams razor
• Time Symmetry
• principle of non-contradiction

Nuclear strong, electromagnetic, nuclear weak, gravity

If an object is at rest or is moving in uniform motion it will remain in that state unless another force acts on it.

Force equals Mass times Acceleartion

• every action has an equal and opposite reaction
• equal and opposite forces

Rate of change of velocity per unit time, or change of velocity divided by the time required for the change

the characteristic of a body which determiines how much it accelerates when a force is applied

a measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object

the speed in a particular direction of a moving body

with the same acceleration regardless of their mass

• pairs of objecst with similar charges repel each other and pairs with dissimilar charges attract each other with forces, F, that obey Newton's third law
• F=kQq/d(d)

• J.J. Thomson
• determined that electricity had mass
• atoms of gas in the tube were being broken down into charged fragments
• negative fragments always had the same mass
• discovered the electron

• Milikan
• figured out a way to determine the charge of an electron

P=force/area

anything that flows, includes air and water

• 1. depends on depth (greater at greater depth)
• 2. pressure is the same depth for all points at the same depth
• 3. pressure at a given depth is independent of direction
• 4. pressure is always perpendiculaer to the surface of the submerged object

a force pushing upward on objects immersed in fluid

an object's mass divided by its volume

a perspective that is experiencing no acceleration

a perspective that is undergoing an acceleration

the slowing of a clock as its speed approaches the speed of light as measured by an observer not moving with the clock

the shortening of an object along its direction of motion as its speed approaches the speed of light, as measured by an observer not moving with the object

A travelling disturbance in material that trasports energy

The place where a malecule will reside when no unbalanced forces are acting upon it.

a wave in which the molecules of a medium vibrate in the same direction as the wave propagates. also known as a longitudinal wave.

a wave in which the molecules of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction the wave propagates. also known as a transverse wave

bouncing back of a wave

bending of a wave as it enters a new medium

when waves bend past something

two waves that combine together and either have constructive or destructive patterns

• Rabbits Mate In Very Unusually X-pensive Gardens
• Radio waves
• Microwaves
• Infra-red
• Visible Light
• Ultra-violet
• X-rays
• Gamma

Electroscope charges negatively. Wave energy is determined by amplitude. Particle energy is determined by frequency. Turn up amplitude on electroscope photon can’t be discharged. Photon has no mass. Cant knock off electron. Electron absorbs energy from photon to jump off energy. BOHR MODEL. Light is a particle, not just a wave.

metal and nonmetal, ions, electromagnetic force, transparent, high mp and bp, brittle, conducts when melted, dissolved, or vaporized (EX. SALT)

: metal and metal, charged ions, sea of electrons, opaque (can’t see through) and shiny, high mp and bp, malleable, conductive (EX. ALUMINUM FOIL)

• nonmetal and nonmetal, molecules, intramolecular forces (single, double, and triple bonds), transparent, low mp and bp, brittle (solid), not conductive (EX. WATER- 2 hydrogen and oxygen)
• - hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, dispersion (Vanderwaals à hold non-polar molecules together)

Saturated: longer chains, bigger dispersion forces, higher melting points, solid at room temp

kinky chains, weaker dispersion forces, lower melting points, liquid at room temp

hybrid between the two. Double bond but straight. The worst for you.

• direct observation
• meteorites
• earths mass and density
• seismology
• earths magnetic fields

• Crust: High Oxygen Silicates
• Mantle: Iron and Magnesium Silicates
• Core: Iron and Nickle

• Lithosphere: Rocky
• Asthenosphere: Plastic
• Mesosphere: Solid
• Outer Core: liquid
• Inner Core: solid

• jigsaw fit of the continents
• continental structure
• shield
• platform
• mountain belt paleontological evidence
• same fossil evidence on multiple continents paleoclimatic evidence
• glaciers, tropics
• paleomagnetic evidence
• rocks formed from lava record magnetic fields