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Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
whole wheat bread
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All of the following are heterogeneous mixtures except
tap water
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Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is an example of which solute-solvent combination?
gas-liquid
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Which is not an example of a colloid?
sugar water
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Which mixture is made up of the smallest particles?
salt water
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A metal solution is an
alloy
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The Tyndall effect is used to distringuish between
solutions and colloids
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Which of the following is an electrolyte?
sodium chloride
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Which of the following is a molecular substance whos aqueous solutions carries an electric current?
hydrogen chloride
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Which of the following does not increase the rate of dissolving a solid in water?
using larger pieces of solid
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Which of the following will dissolve most slowly?
large salt crystals in unstirred water
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Which of the following is at equilibrium when undissolved solute is visible?
a saturated solution
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In a solution at equiilibrium
the rate of dissolution and the rate of crystallization are equal
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Which of the following is likely to produce crystals if disturbed?
a supersaturated solution
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In the expression "like dissolves like" the word like refers to similarity in molecular
polarity
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Which of the following is an example of a polar solvent
water
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Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of
gases and liquids
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The formation of solid-liquid solutions
always absorbs energy as heat
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Effervescevce is the
escape of gas from a gas-liquid solution
-
Precipitation is an example of what type of reaction?
double-displacement
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The formula for the hydronium ion is
H3O+
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Dissolving HCL in water produces
H3O+ and Cl-
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The law of combining volumes applies only to gas volumes
measured at constant temperature and pressure
-
For reactants or products that are gases, the coefficients in the chemical equation indicate
volume
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The principle that under similar pressures and temperatures, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules is attributed to
Avogadro
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Equal volumes of diatomic gases under the same conditionsof temperature and pressure contain the same number of
molecules
-
At STP, the standard molar volume can be used to calculate the
number of moles of gas
-
Knowing the mass and volume of a gas at STP allows one to calculate the
molar mass of the gas
-
The ideal gas combines Boyle's law, Charle's law, Gay-Lssac's Law and
Avogadro's law
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The standard molar volume of a gas is all of the following except
dependent upon the size of the molecules
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What does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside walls of a container produce?
pressure
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What happens to the volume of a gas during compression
volume decreases
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What instrument meaures atmospheric pressure
barometer
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Why does a can collapse when a vacuum pump removes air from the can
Unbalanced outside force from the atmospheric pressure crushes the can
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To convert for the partial pressure of water vapor in a gas collection bottle, the vapor pressure of H2O at the collecting temperature is generally
subtracted from the atmospheric pressure
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Who developed the concept that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures?
Dalton
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If the temperature of a fixed quantity of a gas decreases and the pressure remains unchanged,
its volume decreases
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What are the values for STP
1 atm and 0 degress Celsius
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Carbon shows a very strong tendency to form
covalent bonds
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How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom usually form?
four
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Carbon atoms readily join with atoms of
both elements and carbon
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Organic compounds are defined as all covalently bonded compounds containin carbon except
oxides and carbonates
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The diversity of organic compounds is so great because
compounds have many isomers
-
Which formula shows the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule but not the bonds?
molecular formula
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Isomers are compounds that have the
same molecular forumla but different structures
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Which formula is most useful in distinguishing isomers?
structural formula
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The carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkanes are
polar
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Each carbon atom in a molecule forms four single covalrnt bonds with other atoms in a
saturated hydrocarbon
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Hydrocarbons are grouped into series according to the
bonds between carbon atoms
-
Which of the following is an alkane
propane
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Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms form only single bonds and are arranged ub a ring are called
cycloalkanes
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What are two allotropic forms of carbon?
diamond and graphite
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Which statement about the hardness of diamond and graphite is correct?
Diamond is very hard, and graphite is very soft
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Which of the following is an atom or a group of atoms responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound?
functional group
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What is the functional group in carboxylic acids
-COOH
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What is the name of the funtional group -OH
hydroxyl group
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The systematic names of ketones end in
-one
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What are alkanes called when atoms of flourine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine are substituted for hydrogen atoms?
alkyl halides
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How is the functional group in alkyl halides often written
- X
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What is the general formula for ethers?
R-O-R'
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A carbonyl group consists of
one carbon atom and one oxygen atom
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Which group of organic compounds can be considered derivatives of ammonia, NH3
amine
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What is the general formula of esters?
R-COO-R
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Carboxylic acids are
weak acids
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