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Who was the largest
Asian-Pacific group in the U.S. in 2008 and where are they located
Chinese Americans
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Define model minority and
what its impact has been for Japanese Americans
- Model minority stereotype
- characterizes certain asian American groups as exemplary in socioeconomic and
- moral characteristics often as compared to those people of color
- --Japanese Americans facilities are vandalized, and japenese firms are considered
- dangerous
- “model minoritities”- viewed as successfully in moving up the socioeconomic ladder bc
- of supposedly different cultural values
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Define Unionization
could not advance themselves through individualism and small business , as laborers, they adopted a strategy of unionization, politics, and collective action
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Be familiar with the patterns of Japanese immigration
brought to Hawaiian plantations because of labor agreements, came to mainland and settled intoeconomic positions or under the auspices of relatives
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Be familiar with racism target at Japanese Americans
Six racistimages: the pollutant, the coolie, the deviant, the yellow peril, the model minority and the gook
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Explain the racist naturalization laws and their relation to Japanese citizenship
“aliens ineligible for citizenship”…women who married an alien ineligible for citizenship would also lose their citizenship…1952 U.S permitted first generation Japanese Americans to become naturalized citizens
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Be familiar with Japanese American experiences during WWII and reparations
- --japanese were considered an inferior race, portrayed as disloyal, suffered hostile
- racial framing, economic discrimination and physical attacks
- --after 1906 san Francisco earthquake, Japanese scientists were brought in, and the violence
- escalated, Japanese businesses were a threat and were attacked, put into concentration camps
- --order 9066 ordered
- wartime imprisonment of Japanese Americans
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Identify the Japanese American women’s experience in the U.S. and how it differs from non-immigrant women
discrimination against Japanese women kept them out of the work force, European immigrant women were allowed to hold white collar jobs, subordination to white women in the workforce was reinforced by subordination to husbands at home
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Issei Assimilation Experience
many sought to survive racial discrimination by socially isolating by socially isolating and immersing themselves in things Japanese; ability to cope with the dominant culture was restricted by massive discrimination
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Today, how do most Japanese Americans relate to their home country and their identity as Japanese
- hold this identity for positive reasons, substantial majority
- had a strong sense of racialized identity bc whites imposed on them as foreigners, they are caught between two worlds
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Issei
1st generation immigrants, middleman minority
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Hapas
- hawaiian for 'half'
- seen as the leading edge of change
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Why did Japanese people immigrate to the U.S.
economic opportunity and jobs, achieving integration in the economy and making some cultural adaptation, maintaining family centered communities and networks
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