A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.
Define CYTOPLASM
The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton and all of the organelles except the nucleus.
Define FLAGELLUM
A long hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.
Define HOMEOSTASIS
The steady state physiological condition of the body.
Define ORGANELLE
One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific funciton.
Define PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbondioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
Define PLASTID
An organelle of plant cells that contain specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell.
Anchor the nucleus and other organelles to their places in the cell
Intermediate filaments
Function in muscle contraction and movement of cytoplasm
Microfilaments
Hollow tubes of the protein tubulin
Microtubles
Long threads of protein actin
Microfilaments
Network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol
Cystoskeleton
Protein fibers coiled into cables
Intermediate filaments
Radiate outward from the centrosome; aid in organelle movement
Microtubules
Short, hairlike structures on the outside of a cell; assist in movement
Cilia
Cells are limited in size by the _?_.
B. Rate at which substances can enter the cell through its surface
One difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that _?_.
B. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound organelles
Cells that have a high energy requirement generally have many _?_.
C. Mitochondria
The plasma membrane _?_.
D. Is composed mainly of a phospholipid bilayer
A group of similar cells that carry out a specific function is called a(n) _?_.
A. Tissue
A group of tissues that performs a particular tas is called a(n) _?_.
B. Organ
A group of organs that performs a particular task is called a(n) _?_.
A. Organ system
A combination of several organ systems that constitutes an independent individual is called a(n) _?_.
A. Organism
A collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a connected group is called a(n) _?_.
C. Colony
A dense area of DNA inside the nucleus of a cell is called the _?_.
D. Nucleolus
Plastids that use light energy to make carbohydrates are called _?_.
A. Chloroplasts
State the three parts of cell theory.
All living organisms are compared of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.
List six characteristics that all living things share.
Organized parts
Obtain energy from their surroundings
Perform chemical reactions
Change with time
Respond to their environments
Reproduce
List three structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells.
Cell walls
Large centered vacuoles
Plastids
Explain how prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ.
Prokaryotes lack a membrand and nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotes have membrane organelles and membrand bound nucleus.
What is the difference between integral proteins and peripheral proteins in a cell?
Integral proteins are imbedded in the membrane, peripheral proteins only lie on one side of the membrand and are not embedded into it.
Describe three roles played by integral proteins in a cell.
Cell surface marker
Receptor protein
Transport protein
Also form channels
Explain, the fluid mosaic model used to describe a cell's plasma membrane.
The fluid mosaic model says, phospholipid bilayers acts more as a liquid than a solid and always changes.
Distinguish between rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and smooth ER. State the structure and function of each.
Rough ER has flat sacs covered with ribosomes, the structure produces phospholipids and proteins. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes thus it is smooth, it functions by building lipids such as cholestoral.
List the five steps of a protein synthesis in a cell.
1. Proteins are assembled on the Rough ER
2. Vesicles carry proteins from the Rough ER to the golgi apparatus
3. Proteins are modified in the golgi apparatus and enter new vesicles
4. Some vesicles release their proteins outside the sell
5. Other vesicles remain in the cell and become lysosomes and other vesicles
A system of membranous tubes and sacs which functions as an intracellular highway
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Abundant in liver and kidney cells, where free radicals are neutralized
Peroxisome
Condensed structure of DNA and protein when a cell is about to divide
Chromosome
Contains digestive enzymes that break down large molecules
Lysosome
Controls most of the functions in a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
Found in the seeds of some plants; break down stored fat
Glyoxysome
Houses and protects a eukaryotic cell's genetic information
Nucleus
Long, thin structure of DNA when a cell is not dividing
Chromatin
Made of protein and RNA; no membrane
Ribosome
Site where DNA is transcribed into RNA
Nucleus
Spherical organelle responsible for building protein
Ribosome
Spherically shaped sac surrounded by a single membrane
Vesicle
Define CENTRAL VACUOLE
In some protists and in most plant cells, a large fluid filled organelle that stores water, enzymes metabolic and other materials.
Define CENTRIOLE
An organelle that is composed of 2 short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis.
Define GOLGI COMPLEX
Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell.
Define NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Define THYKALOID
A membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis.
Which term does not belong? Why?
ribosome, central vacuole, mitochondrion, nucleus
Central vacuole
Is not part of an animal cell.
Which term does not belong? Why?
Prokaryote, eukaryote, organelle, nucleus
Prokayote
Is not part of the eukaryotic system
Which term does not belong? Why?
Plastid, central vacuole, cell wall, nucleotoid
Nucleotoid
Is not a cell that isnt in an animal cell, also is not part of a plant cell.
