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Types of system failure
- Fail to capture essential business requirements
- Fail to provide organizational benefits
- Complicated, poorly organized user interface
- Inaccurate or inconsistent data
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Project management
Activities include planning work, assessing risk, estimating resources required, organizing the work, assigning tasks, controlling project execution, reporting progress, analyzing results
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Five major variables for proj mgmt info sys
- 1.Scope
- 2.Time
- 3.Cost
- 4.Quality
- 5.Risk
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Corporate strategic planning group
Responsible for firm’s strategic plan
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Information systems steering committee
Reviews and approves plans for systems in all divisions
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Project management group
Responsible for overseeing specific projects
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Project team
Responsible for individual systems project
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Information systems plan:
Identifies systems projects that will deliver most business value, links development to business plan
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step in Information systems plan
- Purpose of plan
- Strategic business plan rationale
- Current systems/situation
- New developments to consider
- Management strategy
- Implementation plan
- Budget
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Strategic analysis or critical success factors (CSF) approach
sees information requirements as determined by a small number of critical success factors
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Disadvantages of CSF approach
- No clear methods for aggregation of CSFs into firm CSFs
- Confusion between individual and organizational CSFs
- Bias towards top managers
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Portfolio analysis
- Used to evaluate alternative system projects
- Inventories all of the organization’s information systems projects and assets
- Each system has profile of risk and benefit
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Scoring models
- Used to evaluate alternative system projects, especially when many criteria exist
- Assigns weights to various features of system and calculates weighted totals
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Tangible benefits:
Can be quantified and assigned monetary value
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Intangible benefits:
Cannot be immediately quantified but may lead to quantifiable gains in the long run
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Capital budgeting models:
- Measure value of investing in long-term capital investment projects
- Rely on measures the firm’s cash flows into and out
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Real options pricing models (ROPM)
Use concept of options valuation borrowed from financial industry
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Level of project risk influenced by:
- Project size
- project structure
- the level of technical expertise of the info sys staff and project team
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Change management
- Required for successful system building
- New information systems have powerful behavioral and organizational impact
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Implementation
All organizational activities working toward adoption, management, and routinization of an innovation
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Change agent:
- One role of systems analyst
- Redefines the configurations, interactions, job activities, and power relationships of organizational groups
- Catalyst for entire change process
- Responsible for ensuring that all parties involved accept changes created by new system
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User-designer communication gap:
- Users and information systems specialists
- Different backgrounds, interests, and priorities
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Internal integration tools
- Project leaders with technical and administrative experience
- Highly experienced team members
- Frequent team meetings
- Securing of technical experience outside firm if necessary
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External integration tools
consist of ways to link work of implementation team to users at all organizational levels
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Counterimplementation:
Deliberate strategy to thwart implementation of an information system or an innovation in an organization
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Strategies to overcome user resistance
- User participation
- User education and training
- Management edicts and policies
- Incentives for cooperation
- Improvement of end-user interface
- Resolution of organizational problems prior to introduction of new system
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Ergonomics:
Interaction of people and machines in work environment
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Organizational impact analysis
How system will affect organizational structure, attitudes, decision making, operations
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Sociotechnical design
Addresses human and organizational issues
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Gantt chart
lists project acivities and their corresponding start and completion dates
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PERT chart
- Program Evaluation and Review Technique
- graphically depicts project tasks and their interrelationships
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