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Kinetic Chain
The combination of interrelation of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.
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Nervous System
Large groups of cells that form nerves, which provide a communication network within the body.
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Sensory Function
The abilty of the nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environments.
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Integrative Funtion
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.
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Motor Funtion
The neuromuscular response to sensory information.
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Neuron
The functional unit of the nervous system.
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Sensory (afferent) Neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites TO the brain or spinal cord.
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Interneurons
Neurons that transmit impulses FROM one neuron to another.
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Motor (efferent) Neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses FROM the brain or spinal cord to the effector sites.
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Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves mainly to INTERPRET information.
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Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body and serve to RELAY information from bodily organs to the brain and from the brain to bodily organs.
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Mechanoreceptors
Sensory Receptors responsible for sensing distortion in bodily tissues.
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Muscle Spindles
Fibers sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
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Golgi Tendon Organs
Organs sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.
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Joint Receptors
Receptors sensitive to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint.
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Tendons
Attach muscles to bone and provide the anchor form which the muscle can exert force and control the bone and joint.
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Muscle
Is tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated to produce motion.
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Neurotransmitters
Are chemical messengers that transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.
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Muscular System
Is a series of muscles that the nervous system commands to move the skeletal system.
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Sarcomere
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction (which consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin).
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Neural Activation
Is the contraction of a muscle generated by the communication between the nervous system and muscular system.
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Skeletal System
The body's frame which is comprised of bones and joints.
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Bones
Hard connective tissues that connect to create a skeletal framework.
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Joints
The movable places where two or more bones meet.
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Axial Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
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Appendicular Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.
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Depression
Flattened or indented portion of bone, which can be a muscle attachment site.
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Process
Projection protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.
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Arthrokinematics
The movements of the joints.
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Synovial Joints
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body.
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Nonsynovial joints
Joints that DO NOT have a joint cavity, connective tissue or cartilage.
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Ligament
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
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Characteristics of Muscle Fiber types:
Type I
- - Smaller in size
- - Produces less force
- - Long-term contractions
- - Slow to fatigue
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Characteristics of Muscle Fiber types:
Type II
- - Lower in capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin
- - Produce more force
- - Quick to fatigue
- - Short-term contractions (force and power)
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