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What is an Operating System?
An interface between a user and the hardware
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What is a platform
A term used to describe a type of operating system
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What are some advantages of Apple?
- Better OS level color control
- PDF-based OS
- Integrated Media Applications
- Media Hardware Interface
- Familiarity
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What are some advantages of a PC?
- Lower prices
- Wider software Availability
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When and for what purpose was UNIX created?
1970s for super computers
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What are some advantages of UNIX
Stable and reliable for networks and multitasking
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What is Mac OS X and Microsoft 7 based off of
UNIX
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What is the open source OS based on UNIX?
Linux
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What is the purpose of the motherboard?
- Encompasses:
- Microchips
- Power Supple
- Information Bus
- ROM and RAM
- Expansion slots/card
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What are HERTZ?
Data pulses per second
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What is cache?
RAM attached to the processor
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What does DIMM stand for?
Dual In-Line Memory Modules
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What does SIMM stand for?
Single In-Line Memory Modules
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What is Bandwidth?
Speed to send/receive data
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What does IDE stand for?
Integrated Drive Electronic
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What does ATA stand for?
Advanced Technology Attachment
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What is an SSD?
Solid State Drive
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Descrive a Solid State Drive?
- Faster
- More Expensive
- Most Reliable
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Name some removable storage media
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Who are the two major producers of graphics cards?
NVidia and ATI
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What are four main production roles?
- Director/Producer
- Writer/Art Director
- Videographer
- Editor
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What is the role of the Director/Producer?
- The person who’s ultimately in charge
- Plans production schedule, assigns tasks
- In charge of the overall vision of the project
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What is the role of the Writer/Art Director?
- Creates storyboards
- Writes script
- Helps weave the story together
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What is in involved with the role of the Videographer?
- Scouts location
- Uses composition techniques and shooting
- strategies to create raw footage and good
- sound
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What is involved with the role of the Editor?
- Does the technical work of editing video
- Works to insure that story is told in specified
- time length, if required
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What is involved with the role of the talent?
- Interview subjects/Actors and Actresses
- On-screen host
- Off-screen narrator
- Voiceover artists (reading/translating voices
- of characters)
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What are the three stages of Video Making?
- Pre-production
- Production
- Post-Production
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What is involved with Pre-Production?
- Outline & script
- Storyboard
- Plan locations and talent
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What is involved in the production stage of video making?
- Shooting video (and still shots)
- Gathering music
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What is involved in the Post-Production Stage?
- Import DV
- Assemble clips, add transitions & titles, edit sound
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What is involved with Story Boarding?
- Mapping out the flow of the story using
- drawings and/or text
- Brainstorming what ideas will be conveyed where in the video’s timeline
- Identify major ideas/images to be conveyed
- The more specific and detailed the easier
- production and post-production techniques become
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What are the three parts of Story Stucture?
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What is involved with the tease?
- Allows viewer to focus on what the film is
- about
- Introduces one or more main characters
- Establishes setting/location critical to the story
- Presents a conflict/set up a problem/asks a question
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What is involved with the body of a story?
- The main plot; the meat of the story
- Get to know the characters, what they're
- doing and why they’re doing it
- See the action unfold
- The body usually makes up 80% of a video
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What is involved with the conclusion of a story?
- Wrapping up, giving closure
- Sometimes recaps point of story
- Whatever you promised or asked in your
- tease needs to have been delivered
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In what direction is panning with a camera?
Side to Side
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In what direction is tilting with a camera?
Up and Down
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When should zooming be done?
Between filming and not during
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What is Lead Room?
When someone is walking or running in video make sure to leave plenty of room in front of them.
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Name three types of shots.
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What is a wide shot?
- When you are zoomed out all the way
- Wide shots establish context
- They show the audience where we are
- and what’s going on.
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What are the most common shots in video?
- Medium shots are by far
- the most common ones
- in videos.
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What is a close-up shot?
- A Close-Up Shot
- shows a subject's
- face and
- shoulders. It is
- close enough to
- show subtle facial
- expressions
- clearly.
- Use sparingly
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When would you use an Over the Shoulder shot?
- Used in an
- interview to
- make the
- viewer feel like
- the interviewer
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Name three different camera angles.
- High-Level
- Eye-Level
- Low-Level
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What is Composition?
The way you arrange the items you are filming on the screen
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What is the rule of thirds?
- Objects, people,
- and the horizon
- should usually fall
- on one of the lines
- or the points that
- cross.
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Where should you put the eyes with the rule of thirds?
No matter how wide or close a shot, you should put the eyes on the upper third line.
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What is involved with framing?
Frame the subject with objects such as branches, signs, or walls. This directs the attention of the subjects.
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How can you establish depth in a shot?
By placing an object or person closer to the camera it increases the depth in the picture. This helps the video look more 3D and less flat.
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What is the Aspect Ratio for SDTV?
4:3
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What is the aspect ratio for widescreen monitors?
16:10
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What is the aspect ratio for HDTV?
16:9
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What are two different aspect ratios for Modern Movies?
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What does FPS stand for?
Frames per Second
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What is the framerate of film?
24fps
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What is the framerate of SDTV?
60fps
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What is the framerate of HDTV?
60fps
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Describe Interlacing
- One frame contains two images
- Each image is a "field"
- Better motion at expense of clarity
- Great idea 60 years ago
- Very Bad in the digital age
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What is deinterlacing?
Throwing out an entire field and just use one to increase the digital clarity of film
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Name some common video codecs.
- H.264
- MPEG-4
- DivX/Xvid
- MPEG-1
- DV
- Flash Video
- Sorenson 3
- Windows Media
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What is H.263?
- Newest Technology in Video Codecs
- Best Compression Ratio
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How does MPEG-4 compare among video codecs?
- Used to be newest
- More compatible
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How does DivX/Xvid compare among video codecs?
Popular Online
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How does MPEG-1 compare among video codecs?
- Not geared for the internet
- Every computer can play
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How does DV compare among video codecs?
- Lossless codec for video editing
- Not much compression applied
- Video from firewire drive
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How does flash video compare among video codecs?
- YouTube
- 95% of computers can play
- Similar to MPEG-4
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How does Sorenson 3 compare among video codecs?
- Apple codec
- Common for movie trailers
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How does Windows Media compare among video codecs?
- Windows 98 and up
- Low CPU requirements
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Name some common Audio Codecs?
- MP3
- AAC
- Windows Media Audio
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How does MP3 compare among audio codecs?
- Good compression
- Universal
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How does AAC compare among audio codecs?
- Alittle better than MP3
- iTunes Music Store
- Not as widespread as MP3
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What is the price range of a consumer level camera?
$150-$1500
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What is the price range of a professional level camera?
$1500-$30,000
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What does CCD stand for?
Charge Coupled Device
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Describe the CCD Sensor
- More Entrenched Technology
- More common
- Less expensive to manufacture
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What does CMOS stand for?
- Complimentary Metal
- Oxide Semi-Conductor
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Who was the inventor of the single sensor: the bayer filter?
Dr Bryce Bayer-Kodak
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What is dynamic range?
A measure of the ability of the sensor to record shadow detail
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Name four types of connections from PC to TV.
- HDMI
- S-Video
- Composite
- Firewire
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What are two types of image stabilization?
Opitcal and Digital
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What is Image Stabilization used for?
- Used to reduce jittery video
- Mainly a problem when in high zoom
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What is Optical Stabilization?
- lens mechanism moves to
- compensate for external movement
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What is digital stabilization
- Software adjustment after the image
- has been captured
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