biology final

helps materials get in and out of the cell

• -powerhouse
• -cells needing lots of energy need alot
• -cells needing little energry need little
• -double membraned

a small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste.

what Chloroplasts and Leucoplasts have

• -where ribosomes are made
• -rich in RNS and protein

where photosynthesis takes place

a particle in the cytoplasm of a cell containing a number of digestive enzymes capable of breaking down most of the constituents of living matter

• E.R. Ribosomes: bound
• Cytoplasmic Ribosomes:Free

• selective barrier, thereby regulating the cells chemical composition
• -lipid bilayer
• -acts as a liquid

• -Relaxed Chromosomes
• -DNA

pigment bearing

bacteria that get energy from chemicals

• whiplike extension of certain cells that make movement.
• -Sperm

• -beat in series
• -spiral like bullet
• -universal
• -carry up

• plants
• -get energy from light

special centers that produce and organize micro tubules

• Rich in RNA
• Some on ER
• Two types

• chemical composition
• different fomr outside the cell
• outside of the nucleus

• 1.Carbs
• 2.lipids
• 3.proteins
• 4. Nucleic

Undefined

• cell drinking
• -Grabbing water

bacteria eating

• 1. size of molecule
• 2.Chemical composition

Sugars

Fatty acids

amino acids

Sugar, nitrogren containing base, one or more phosphate groups.

• movement, response to stimuli
• reproduction--inheritance
• receiving energy

provide energy

• Hypothesis
• Prediction
• Experiment
• Results
• Conclusion

• -oils
• -waxes
• -lubricant
• -insulation
• -hormones
• -outerboundary

organissm that gets its energy from another organisms

the study of Life

orgamisms that do not rely on other organisms for energy

• -hormonal
• -enzymes-speed up reaction

• 1. photo
• 2. chemo

No proof, descriptive, and organization

Can be disproven

Has not been disproved yet, scientific fact

pathways for information to flow from control center into cell where enzymes will be made

• -Ships Cells out
• -Packaging proteins for the cell

Active processes can only occur in

membrane bound structure that contains ther cell's hereditary info and controls the cells growth and reproduction

movement of large non fatty molecules through protein channels where the protein litterally changes shape

materials wrapped in fat diffusing across the membrane

the opposite direction of salts

the hotter the particle

diffusion can occur in

particles move from an area they are concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated untill there is an equal number of particles in each area

diffusion of a dissolved salt across a semipermeable membrane

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

the larger the particle

Simple cell

all organisms are made of cells or cell products and cells arise only from existing cells

the fundememtal unit of life

complex

add water to break a molecule apart

• -enzyme carriers
• -enzyme helpers
• -messengers
• -building blocks of DNA and RNA

all the genes in a population

a group of orgamisns of the same species who live in a specific location and breed with one another more often than they breed with others

a group of individuals that were either actively or potenitally interbreaking with one another but now with other groups

populations grow faster than their food supply

the earth is old

Theory of acquired characteristics. animals evolve

Errors that occur in DNA

change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance alone.

the movement of alleles into and out of a population as by indiviual that immigrate and emigrate

a process of evolution in which individuals of a population who vary in details of heritable traits survive and reproduce with differing success

Change in allele frequencies that occurs after a small umber of individuals establish a new population

reduction in population size so severe that it reduces genetic diversity

1. no natural selection 2. no mutation 3. No genetic drift 4. random mating 5. no gene flow

a change in the frequent of certain genes in apopulation from generation to generation

the formation of a new species

the formation of a new specices while in constanst contact with the parental species. only plants do this

when a new species is formed from a small population that is isolated from its parental populations most likele to occur in species that are widely siztributed and highly variable

mode of natural selection in while intermediate phenotypes are favored over extremes

mode of natural selection in which phenotypes at one end of the range of variation are favored

mode of natural selection that favors two forms in a rages of variations. Intermediate forms are selected against

Similar body structures that reflect shared ancesty among lineages

similar body structures that evolve separately in different lineages

believe that life has some components that cannot be understood.

believe that life is primarily chemical and that is can be explained in chemical terms

Mitosis and Cystokinesis