Final Exam Sect 4

the number percentage of people in a population that have a particular disorder

the number or percentage of newly diagnosed cases

• the potential outcome of a disorder
• how severe, chronicity

• or the co-occurrence of disorders
• very high between these types of problems

• The handbook of mental disorders
• There have been 6 versions of the DSM

• 1) between "expiramentation" and enduring behavior patterns
• 2) between problems that are transitory in nature (acute) and those that persist over time (chronic)

common manner for clinicians to divide broad categories

• violates social norms/expectations
• causes the person significant distress or discomfort
• significantly impairs the person's functioning
• behavior is dangerous to the individuals or to others

most common psychological disturbance among adolescents

more likely to suffer from depression in childhood

• clinical form of the popular term "depression"
• a mood disorder

• depression is much more common among...?
• society differentially socializes how feelings should be expressed among genders

• suggests that depression is the result of interaction between environmental factors and individual predispositions
• nature/nurture debate

combination of medication and therapy most successful

• males
• gays lesbians bisexuals
• single divorced separated widowed
• teens and the elderly
• people who are living alone or are socially isolated
• whites native americans
• physicians psychiatrists psychologists dentists police officers attorneys
• the unemployed
• concurrent diagnosis of major depression
• chronic emotional or physical pain
• Terminal Illness
• Co-morbidity with other psychological disorders
• History of prior attempts
• Family history of suicide
• Family history of physical or sexual or drug abuse

• plan?
• means?
• protective factors?

• take the person seriously
• talk about it up front

actions that are seen as a "cry for help" that are aimed at gaining attention to the pain the person is feeling

an internalizing problem

• functioning in multiple areas is significantly affected
• basically beyond a reasonable and normal level of worry, anxiety or fear

common phrase "anxiety is clinically diagnosed as

irrational, persistent, consistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.

fear of being in an open or social setting in which you feel you have no impeded escape.

fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation

a disorder developed in a response to a traumatic event in which the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury

• symtoms of ASD persist for more than a month
• significant impairment to functioning

• treatment for anxiety disorders is very successful
• cognitive/behavioral interventions
• anxiolytic medications

sever disturbances in eating behavior

a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight

more prevalent in industrialized countries

rarely begins before puberty

• binge-eating
• inappropriate compensatory behaviors
• vomiting laxatives diuretics fasting excessive exercise

a dissociative disorder in which a person suffers from bizarre thinking and behavior, disordered thinking, hallucinations and inability to distinguish between reality and "fantasy"

Small number of teens account for a relatively high proportion of serious criminal activity

• limited to minors
• ex: truancy running away from home etc.

• become a repeat offender
• commit increasingly serious and violent crimes
• continue committing crimes as an adult

histories of aggressive and violent behavior are identifiable as early as a 8

delinquents come from disorganized families with hostile, neglectful parents who often mistreat their children and failed to instill in them proper standards of behavior or psychological foundations of self-control

delinquent adolescents continue their behavior to adulthood

adolescents desist their antisocial tendencies

• alcohol
• marijuana

• from hostile family environments
• have friends who abuse drugs
• have problems in school
• have problems in interpersonal relationships

• psychological
• interpersonal
• contextual

• positive mental health
• high academic achievement
• close family relations
• involvement in religious and/or extracurricular activities