Portuguese leader who financed trade innovation was ___
Henry the Navigator
Head of the Catholic Church?
Pope
A geographic obstacle to equatorial Africa is the ____
Saharan Desert
A triangular sail that allowed for "tacking" was called a ___
lanteen sail
Sailing parallel to the equator is called ____ sailing
latitudinal
Christoforo Columbo's home town in northern Italy was ___
Genoa
Although a spice, merchants quickly understood that ____ soon became perceived a 'necessity'
cinnamon
_____ traveled and wrote extensively about this journey to china in the first quarter of the 13th century in his book titled Travels
Marco Polo
Military campaign directed against Moslems in the "Holy Land" were called ____
crusades
Imaginary emperor in sub-Saharan Africa written about by John Mandeville was ___
Prestor John
The largest Portuguese speaking country in the world is _____. It was discovered by accident on Christmast Day, 1500
Brazil
This Chinese invention helped sailors navigate beyond the sight of land was called a ____
compass
Documents showing ownership or a "share" in a capital enterprise are called a ____
stock
An arrangement of labor and land usage in the New World approved by the Catholic Church was called an ____
encomienda
Isabella's soldiers of fortune were called ____
conquistador
The crusade was called the Reconquista
His rule over the largest empire in history provided safe passage for Venetian merchants. But then, he died and overland routes to China became dangerous for trade. His name was ___
Ghanis Khan
These hyper-accurate charts showed depth, currents and shorelines. They were called ____
portalani
His Geography, written in the 4th century BC, suggested the world was much smaller than it really is. And of course, he put Greece in the center of everything. His name was ____
Ptolemy
This northern Italian port-city, _____, was one of the first communities to engage in and profit from Mediterranean commerce in the Renaissance
Venice
A neurotoxin, ____, was possibly related to the sudden increase in the trials and executions of people accused of witchcraft
ergot
The new type of government chosen by many kings following the 30 years war is known as
divine-right monarchy
What were the names of the ships that went west with Christoforo Columbo on his first voyage?
Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria
Which of the following was the most financially successful of Spain's soldiers of fortune?
B.
Short answer:
What was mercantilism, and what was the relationship to colonial empires?
An economic philosophy that wealth had a limit, which means that if someone had a bigger share, the other would have the smaller share.
New economy bc of discovery of the New World, opportunities, joint stock companies, highly individualized relationship with markets; wins and loses
Short answer
What were some of the possible explanation useful to explain the sudden increase in trials and execution of persons accused of witchcraft between 1582 and 1692?
isolation of women bc of old age, they tend to outlive men; traditional scapegoating of women; taboo gender knowledge on margins and shadows of society
This French officer of the Catholic Church intrigued and plotted and schemed up ways to organize political power in France around the throne
Cardinal Richelieu
The "school" of navigation during the 15th century
Lisbon
Country where Nicolas Copernicus lived and worked
Poland
In what part of Europe did telescopes come from?
Netherlands
Hernando Cortex sacked and destroyed this Aztec capital
Tenochtitlan
This Italian Cardinal had to flee France for his life in 1648 to escape assassination by the followers of Prince du Conde
Cardinal Mazarin
This English king "restored" the monarchy to the throne in 1660
Charles II
This opulent palace represented the grandeur and housed the physiocrats of the French Absolutist monarchy
Versailles
___ is an example of an Old World crop brought to the New World
coffee
____ was the best example of Absolutism in France
Louis XIV
a "new" type of man in England, the ___ proved great rivals for power in the 1640s and toppled the monarchy of Charles I
gentry
This King of Denmark began the second phase of the Thirty Years War. He must have thought that the best defense is a good offense
Christian
This czar of Russia, ____, developed a policy to westernize Russia by superficially imitating European customs
Peter the Great
What we call a sun-centered model of the universe
heliocentric
Who was the English King executed in January 1649
Charles I
Thie astronomer of the Scientific Revolution who had a gold nose
Tyco Brahe
(Also, astronomer who didnt publish is work)
What was the name of Nicolas Copericus' book?
On the Revolution of the Heavely Spheres
Interregnum is the Latin word for interruption. Who ruled the "republic" of England between the Civil War (1641) and the Restoration (1660)?
Oliver Cromwell
What promise of individual liberties did William and Mary agree to abide in 1688?
Bill of Rights
Which Swedish King utilized rotation and column-and-row formation to dramatically increase the use of concentrated firepower during the third phase of the 30 years war?
Gustofus Adolphus
Which two countries became allies in the fourth and final phase of the 30 years war?
France and Sweden
Which of the following countries had the greatest number of linguistic and ethnic identities within its borders?
C.
short answer:
What did Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton contribute to a new vision of the universe and how did it differ from the Ptolomic conception of the universe?
They all said that the sun was the center of the universe and not the Earth.
What theories of government were proposed by Jaques Boussuet, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, and how did their respective theories reflect concerns and problems of the 17th century?
Jaques Boussuet's theory was that of the divine-right monarchy. He believed that a king is appointed by God and answers to no one but Got. This made people that don't agree with religon and policies of the king mad. It also made peasents more poor since levies were always put on their already full shoulders
Thomas Hobbes believed that people should follow the orders of the king without question because human nature is naturally violent and nasty and without someone to rule, people would just destroy themselves
John Locke believed that humans are born naturally free and to keep their rights safe, they must have a give and take relationship with the government. The government is supposed to care for its people and in return, the people follow the government's rules.
This work was published by Johann Keppler
3 laws of Plantary Motion
Country where Nicolas Copernicus lived and worked
Poland
What was the name of Nicolas Copernicus' book?
On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
Which of the following was the weakest example of absolutist rule?
a. Russia
b. Prussia
c. France
d. Austria
The opening or first phase of the 30 years war began where?
Bohemia
The ____ were literary people, professors, journalists, statesmen, economists, political scientists and above all, social reformers
philosophes
This 19th century intellectual and artistic movement rejected the emphasis on reason of the Enlightenment. Instead ___ stressed on the importance of intuition, feeling and emotion
Romanticism
An important component of a strong government was found in checks and balances among the branches of government. Montesquieu called this a ____
separation of powers
when the women of paris in 1789 had enough of high bread prices and a distant, aloof king, they took matters into their own hands. The ____ is what were known as the amrch on the Versailles and the attempt of Marie Antoinette's life
October days
An indictment of 23 allegations all leveled against George III, the ____ justified open revolt against authority
Declaration of Independence
the elites within the Third Estate and even members of the Second Estate were opposed to the ___ and its reliance on privilege and rigid social order
old order
the French revolution entered a new phase when power passed from the national assembly to the ___
sans-culottes
Voltaire championed not only religious toleration, but also __, a religious outlook shared by most other philosophes
deism
In emphasizing the economics liberty of the individual, Adam Smith laid the foundation for what became known in the 19th century as
