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What do both correctional officers & inmates agree upon as the characteristics of a good correctional officer?
Treat all inmates fairly with no favoritism, not always follow the rules, use discretion, treat inmates professionally, as anyone would want to be treated Consistency, fairness, flexibility.
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What are some of the major characteristics of the position of jail officer?
Often used as punishment, can be prior sheriff deputies, before patrol; however it is much different than patrol
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What are the ethical dilemmas faced by treatment staff in correctional facilities?
Administration of treatment programs, provide treatment to those who don't want it; help the client
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According to Haag, what are the ethical dilemmas faced by prison psychologists?
Confidentiality, protection of records, informed consent, assessment, corroboration, refusal of services, nondiscrimination, competence, knowledge of legal structure, accuracy and honest, misuse of information and multiple relationships
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The ______ rule specifies that treatment professionals have a legal duty to third persons if they reasonably believe that one of their clients is going to harm that third person.
tarosoff
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What are the major roles of probation & parole officers?
Decisions regarding release, help deciding sentences
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According to souryal's typology, which type of probation/parole officer may violate professional ethics by not performing her/his duties?
Passive time server
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What is the major difference between probation and parole officers?
Supervision and relationships
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What are the major findings of a Justice Department study concerning recidivism among released inmates?
67% returned within 3 years
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Is the practice of reciprocity supported by formal correctional ethics?
NO
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Why do jail officers have a harder job than correctional officers in prisons?
See more people, visiting hours, unknown illnesses
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What are the 4 types of prosecutorial misconduct discussed by Kirchmeier?
Withholding exculpatory evidence, misusing pretrial publicity, using preemptory challenges to exclude jurors, using false evidence in court
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What does evidence indicate about the impact of faith-based programs on recidivism?
They work; only 8% return to prison
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Do probation & parole officers have to deal with the issue of gratuities?
YES
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What did a 2002 Justice Department study find concerning inmates 3 years after their release from prison?
67% returned
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What are the types of corruption by correctional officers described by McCarthy & Souryal?
Theft, trafficking, embezzlement, and misuse of authority
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Souryal defines _____________ legally as the use of oppression or extralegal methods, and ethically, as the failure of officers to demonstrate compassion or keep a promise.
corruption
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What are the definitions of misfeasance, malfeasance, and nonfeasance?
Mis-illegitimate acts done for personal gains Mal- acts that violate authority Non- acts of omission such as ignoring rule violations
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Inadequate medical care & elimination of visits or other programs are all examples of which type of prison abuse described by Bomse?
Systemic/budgetary abuse
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What did the latest Bureau of Justice Statistics report find concerning sexual victimization in prisons?
4.5% report sexual victimization; 2.1% done by inmates; 2.9 by staff
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What do studies indicate about male & female officers having sexual relationships with inmates?
That it exists and more often by males
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Which theory of ethical management argues that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated?
Trickle down theory
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According to Souryal, the ________ of a correctional institution is influenced by educational requirements for employees, in-service training, policies concerning unethical behavior, & the presence of a union or professional organization that monitors agency practices?
civility
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What does McCarthy recommend for an effective anti-corruption policy?
Proactive measures such as mechanisms to investigate and detect wrongdoing; reduced apportunities for corruption; screening of employees using state of are psychological tools; improved working conditions; providing good role models
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The ____________ provides jobs and profits to legions of companies & people around the country.
prison industrial complex
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What are some of the major benefits of restorative justice programs for its participants and the correctional professionals involved in them?
More supervision with parolees because of a threat to society, more dangerous, getting out of prison
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The US holds _____ percent of the world's population but _____ percent of its prisoners?
5 and 25
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What aspect of peacemaking corrections involves looking at what needs to be done with both the heart & head?
Wholesight
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What scandal occurred was made public in the 1990's concerning prison guards in Corcoran, CA?
Sex scandal
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Is the number of male correctional officers supervising female inmates large or small?
Large
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Is it legal to allow female correctional officers to supervise male inmates?
Yes
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When is a workplace characterized as a 'hostile work environment?
Corruption
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Are probation & parole officers who are arrested for DWI allowed to continue working?
YES
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Arguments for "just war" are primarily based upon which ethical system?
Utilitarian
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The deliberate, negligent, or reckless use of force against noncombatants, by state or non-state actors for ideological ends & in the absence of a substantively just legal process is called ________
Terrorism
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A secret court that consisted of 7 federal district court judges appointed by the Supreme Court's Chief Justice was created by the passage of the
Foreign intelligence surveillance Act in 1978.
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"National security letters" are letters issued by ______ to access private information without a warrant.
FBI
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The Protect America Act, passed in 2007, allow the government to __________________.
wiretap without a warrant
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The court case that dealt with a US citizen held without due process protections as an enemy combatant was _______________
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
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Renditions are
holding people against their will, who are suspected terrorists
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What are the crime control, public service, and rights-based approaches to law enforcement & which ethical system justifies each?
- Crime Control- means/end; utilitarian
- Public service- focus on human rights, due process, fundamental duty- human rights model
- Right based- police are servants of public good- deontological
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In the case of ___________ the US Supreme Court held that the government may not indefinitely detain even illegal immigrants without some due process.
Clark v. Martinez
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Waterboarding is also known as ___________
water cure
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The argument of some that there must be secrecy concerning interrogation tactics so they can be more effective is referred to as _________________
doctrine of necessity
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________________ is the ethical justification for counter-terrorism measures discussed in the text.
Utilitarian Reasoning
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The just war debate is fundamentally concerned about ______________
Natural Law
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What is the principle of double effect & an example of it?
Double effect- if it is a good action, negative end, without the intent for neg. end, then its good; example- bomb the military target, civies dies, its ok
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Are renditions always performed with the host country's knowledge of the rendition?
No
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According to the text, interrogators at Guantanamo were trained using what materials?
Coercive interrogation/ starvation, filth, cold and stress
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With a longer history of dealing with terrorism, the trend among European law enforcement officials seems to be toward a __________ model of policing.
rights based
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