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How many books make up the canon of the New Testament?
5
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Name the major divisions of New Testament canon
Gospels, Epistles,
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What is the focus of talk about Pneuma in the canon of the New Testament?
Defining the Spirit in the life of Jesus Christ, Christ points to the Spirit
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rom the perspective of what event are all the documents of the NT—including all the Gospel narratives—written?
Jesus’ life
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How did the earliest Christian community interpret the resurrection of Jesus Christ in texts like Rom 1:3-4, I Tim 3:14-16, and I Pet 3:13-22? On what OT text did they rely in that interpretation?
Interpreted as fact? Used OT story of Noah
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At the beginning of his public ministry all three Synoptic Gospels define the person and work of Jesus with what metaphor? How does the Gospel according to John reformulate that metaphor?
Baptism in the Holy Spirit, Jesus has come to impart life anew
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How do the Gospels go about defining the Spirit of God?
Pointing to God
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What is the horizon of Matthew’s narrative?
From what to what
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hat title is attributed to Jesus in Matthew 1:16-17? How does that title relate to the genealogy of which it is a part?
Genealogy of Jesus Christ, Jesus is the Son of Joseph, who comes from the line of David
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What agent brings about the conception of Jesus, according to Matthew 1:18-25? And what Old Testament stories does this evoke?
The Holy Spirit
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What does 1:21 say of Jesus, and what question does that raise that Matthew will treat?
Jesus will save the people of their sins, raises the question of the role
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What OT text is cited in Matthew 12:18-21? How does that describe Jesus and his ministry to Israel?
Isaiah 42, He will “bring justice to all nations” and “not cry out in the street, put out a weak flame, or give up”
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Both the story of ‘Jesus and Beelzebul’ (12:22-32) and the preceding story of ‘Jesus as the Chosen Servant’ (12:15-21) begin with what activity on the part of Jesus? And what question does this evoke?
Healing, evokes the question of whether He is God’s son
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According to Matthew 12:28, what is the significance of Jesus’ ministry in the Holy Spirit? Again, what OT theme does this refer to?
Jesus uses the power of the Holy Spirit
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What is the relation between the Spirit and Jesus’ mission to the nations, according to Mt 12:15-21?
“Jesus will truly bring justice to all nations”
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What is the relation between the Spirit and Jesus’ acceptance/rejection by Israel’s leaders, according to Mt 12:22-32?
If you’re not with Jesus/ Spirit, you’re against him
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With what command does the risen Jesus Christ leave his disciples, according to Matthew 28:16-20? What role has that command played in the subsequent Christian tradition?
Go spread the word of God, make followers of all people of the world
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What question concerning the Holy Spirit constitutes the theme of the Gospel according to Mark? And how does this Gospel go about answering that question?
The life of Christ tells you what the Holy Spirit is all about in the New Testament
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How does the prologue of the Gospel according to Mark (1:2-13) depict the Spirit in its relation to Jesus of Nazareth and define the story that follows?
“The Spirit came down on Him like a dove”, Jesus chooses some followers
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In Mark 8:27-38, how do Jesus’ and Peter’s understanding of the role of the ‘Christ’ or ‘Messiah’ differ? How does this relate to the theme of Mark’s Pneumatology?
- Jesus: The Son of God must suffer, die, and rise again,
- Peter: Jesus is Christ
- ??
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n the story of Jesus and the disciples praying and/or sleeping in the garden, Mark 14, who is of the ‘willing Spirit’ and who is of the ‘weak flesh?’ What point is Mark making about how disciples are to understand the work of the Spirit?
- Willing Spirit: Jesus
- Weak Flesh: Disciples
- ?
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In what circumstances does Jesus confess himself as the Christ (14:61)? How does that reflect back on his promise to the disciples in 13:11?
- When the high priest asks him who He is
- ?
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At what point does an on-looker acknowledge that Jesus is the ‘son of God’ (Mark 15:39)? How does that relate back to the prologue, 1:2-13?
When Jesus dies and the veil of the Temple tears in two, sky tears open when He is baptized
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If Matthew depicts the coming of the Christ as that by which Israel is ‘winnowed’ and God’s salvation is extended to the nations, and Mark focuses on the question of what it means for Christ’s disciples to receive the Spirit, then on what horizon does Luke unfold the story of Jesus Christ?
Very straightforward, similar to a history book
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What role does the Holy Spirit play in the Gospel according to Luke?
Holy Spirit is tied to speech (that proclaims the good news)
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What aspect of the work of the Spirit characterizes almost every main character in the first two chapters of Luke?
they are filled with the HS and they breakforth in praise and thanksgiving to God
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With which OT text does Luke begin the public ministry of Jesus (4:18-19)?
Opening with John the Baptist, as in all other gospels
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What connection does Luke make between the Spirit and prayer in chapter 11?
Spirit and Prayer: all answers of prayers - God gives the Holy Spirit
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In 12:8-12, Luke brings together what two stories that we saw separately in Matthew and Mark. How does this reinterpret the two sayings of Jesus that are the center of these stories (here in verses 8-9 and 10)? According to Luke’s account, therefore, ‘blasphemy against the Holy Spirit’ is not just a matter of repudiating Jesus’ witness, but also the witness of whom else?
- Denying Jesus and going into the synagogues
- Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is denying God
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With reference to what ‘promise’ does Luke depict Jesus commanding his disciples to remain in the city of Jerusalem in chapter 24? And what is the substance of that promise?
“I am sending forth the promise of My Father upon you; but youare to stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high”
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On what ‘horizon’ does John place the story of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ? And how does that define his Pneumatology?
Cosmological horizon - depicts coming of Jesus in terms of the language of God’s creation of the world
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Compare John’s account of Jesus’ baptism, 1:29-34, with that of Mark 1:9-11. How is it similar and how is it different?
John’s account is much shorter and less detailed, it is also told more from John the Baptist’s point of view
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With the attribution of what titles to Jesus does John’s account of Jesus’ baptism begin and end?
Lamb of God, Man of higher rank, One who baptizes in the Holy Spirit, Son of God
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How does Jesus’ encounter with Nicodemus in chapter 3 reflect John’s understanding of the Spirit?
the one sent by god is the one who speaks the word of god and is the
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According to John, when is the Holy Spirit given?
Holy Spirit is given at Jesus’ crucifixion
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How does Jesus speak of the ‘Paraclete’ (the ‘Counselor’ or ‘Advocate’) in chps 14, 15, and 16?
- The “Spirit of Truth” is the Helper of whom we cannot recieve sent in Jesus’ name and will teach us all things
- ““When the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, that is the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify about Me, 27 and you will testify also, because you have been with Me from the beginning.”
- The Helper cannot come to us if Jesus does ascend into heaven
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n what way does John 20:22, where the risen Christ breathes upon his disciples and says,‘Receive the Holy Spirit,’ capture a main concern of John’s Pneumatology? What OT tradition as seen in what OT text is John appropriating?
Ch. 20: forgiveness is a gift from creation and is tied to the Spirit
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What event occurred in 587 B.C. that established the perspective that shaped the final form of the Old Testament canon?
Babylonians captured Jeruselum
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What is the root meaning of the Hebrew word ‘Ruach?’ And how is it used metaphorically in the Old Testament in relation to God and humanity?
- root meaning: “breath” (or mind or spirit)
- the life giving breath of God
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Genesis 1:1-2:3 plays what role in the literary structure of the Torah?
Prologue
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How is the Ruach of God depicted in Gen 1:2, and what role does it play in the passage 1:1-2:3 as a whole?
“The Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters”
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What did the man and woman hear in “the ‘wind’ or ‘breeze’ of the day” in Gen 3? What story is this part of?
They heard God and hid because they were naked
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What role does God’s Ruach play in the preservation of creation in Gen 8? What story is this part of?
the dove
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Compare the prose and poetic accounts of God’s parting of the waters of the Red Sea in Ex 14 and 15. How does Ex 15:8 and 10 specify and emphasize the role of the Ruach in Ex 14:21?
- Hebrew emphasizes points via repetition, genre itself shifts from story to poetry
- East wind is understood as God’s breath (nostrils) that opens the Red Sea, opens a possibility of life
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What are the common elements in the narratives of Exodus 14/15 and Genesis 1?
Repetition
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How do these texts depict the manner in which God’s Ruach as ‘wind’ works in the creation of the world and in the deliverance or ‘new creation’ of Israel?
- “wind” is all that which is involved in bringing life
- God's breathing into the dust of the earth
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What role does God’s ‘breath’ play in bringing forth life in Gen 2 and elsewhere?
it is the source of life, “God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life”
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How does that construe human life and its relation to God?
God gave us breath and He can take it away, we are his creation, since He created us, He can destroy us
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What effect does the withdrawal of God’s breath cause in Gen 6:1-8?
Death
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What does the word ‘spirit’ mean when applied to human beings in texts like Gen 26:35 (lit. “bitter in spirit”)? Does it refer to a part of the human or does it somehow speak of the whole of the person?
- source of grief?
- a conscience
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What role does God’s Ruach play in construction of the tabernacle in Ex 35?
He has filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding and in knowledge and in all craftsmanship”
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What role does God’s Ruach play in leadership among the people of promise in Num 11, 27, and Deu 34? What statement by Moses is particularly important in that last text?
The Spirit signifies leadership in a person, whoever has the Spirit is a leader“And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him”
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How does the narrative of the Torah end, and what hope does it engender in re Ruach?
Ends with Israelites just about to enter the promised land
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The narrative of the Former Prophets depicts Israel from what point in their history to what subsequent point? And what is thus the implicit geographical focus of the story?
begins with Israel entering promised land and ends with exile from it
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This narrative is divided into what three parts?
entering the land, living in it (Judges), and being captured by the Philistines
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What is the central text, i.e., the text that provides the focus for the narrative, in the Former Prophets?
Josh or Judges
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How is Ruach used in the book of Joshua?
- bespeaks human spirit, the dynamic of God’s Spirit in human life
- language of God’s Spirit is language used to speak of God’s presence that makes judges in Israel, Spirit of God comes upon the chosen people
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God’s Ruach comes upon whom and for what purpose in the book of Judges? How is that appearance depicted?
Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother
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On whom does the Spirit rest in Samuel and Kings? And for what purpose? How is this similar and dissimilar to the way God’s Ruach was active among the Judges?
- Samuel, Saul, David, and Soloman
- to lead the Israelites
- these leaders were actually somewhat good, not just chosen to satisfy the Iraelites want of a king
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What role does God’s Ruach play in II Samuel 23, and in relation to what theme in the Former Prophets?
- language, “”spirit of the Lord spoke by me, and his word was on my tongue”
- Spirit deals with deliverance of people, the one whom God delivers people
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To what figure does Isaiah 11:1-9 allude? And 42:1-4 as well as 61:1-3?
Jesus Christ
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Why do the prophets repudiate the idols that Israel’s captors worship in texts like Jeremiah 10:12-16 and Habakkuk 2:18-19?
What “new” events or things are depicted in the work of Ruach on the “day of the LORD” in texts like Isaiah 11:10-16, Ezekiel 36, Ezekiel 37, and Isaiah 32
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Identify the three OT texts having to do with Ruach that were most often quoted in the period leading up to the events spoken of in the NT.
Ezekiel 36 and 37, Joel 26 and 29? when not cited they are alluded to
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