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Acute stress disorder
A psychological disturbance lasting up to 1 month following stresses that would produce anxiety in anyone who experienced them.
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Adjustment disorder
An emotional disturbance caused by on-going stressors within the range of common experience.
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Agoraphobia (without panic)
The person fears that something extremely embarrassing will happen to them if they leave the house or enter unfamiliar situations.
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Antisocial personality
A person who lacks a conscience, is emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and tends to manipulate others.
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Anxiety disorder
Disruptive feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distortions in behavior that are anxiety related.
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Anxiety reduction hypothesis
Explains the self-defeating nature of avoidance responses as a result of the reinforcing effects of relief from anxiety.
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Bipolar disorders
Emotional disorders involving both depression and mania or hypomania.
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Bipolar I disorder
A mood disorder in which a person has episodes of mania (excited, hyperactive, energetic, grandiose behavior) and also periods of deep depression.
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Bipolar II disorder
A mood disorder in which a person is mostly depressed (sad, despondent, guilt ridden) but has also had one or more episodes of mild mania (hypomania).
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Catatonic schizophrenia
Schizophrenia marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, posturing, mutism, and, sometimes, agitated, purposeless behavior.
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Conversion disorder
A bodily symptom that mimics a physical disability but is actually caused by anxiety or emotional distress.
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Cyclothymic disorder
Moderate manic and depressive behavior that persists for 2 years or more.
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Delusion
A false belief held against all contrary evidence.
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Delusional disorder
A psychosis marked by severe delusions of grandeur, jealousy, persecution, or similar preoccupations.
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Depressive disorders
Emotional disorders primarily involving sadness, despondency, and depression.
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Disorganized schizophrenia
Schizophrenia marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions.
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Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory (partial or complete) for important information related to personal identity.
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Dissociative disorder
Temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization.
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Dissociative fugue
Sudden travel away from home, plus confusion abut one’s personal identity.
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Dissociative identity disorder
The presence of two or more distinct personalities (multiple personality).
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Dysthymic disorder
Moderate depression that persists for 2 years or more.
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Endogenous depression
Depression that appears to be produced from within (perhaps by chemical imbalances in the brain), rather than as a reaction to life events.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
The person is in a chronic state of tension and worries about work, relationships, ability, or impending disaster.
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Hallucination
An imaginary sensation, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that don’t exist in the real world.
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Hypochondriasis
A preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease. Ordinary physical signs are interpreted as proof that the person has a disease, but no physical disorder can be found.
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Insanity
A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one’s affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions.
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Major depressive disorder
A mood disorder in which the person has suffered one or more intense episodes of depression.
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Major mood disorders
Disorders marked by lasting extremes of mood or emotion and sometimes accompanied by psychotic symptoms.
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Maladaptive behavior
Behavior that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day-to-day life.
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Mood disorder
Major disturbances in mood or emotion, such as depression or mania
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Neurosis
An outdated term once used to refer, as a group, to anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and some forms of depression.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder
An extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors.
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Pain disorder
Pain that has no identifiable physical cause and appears to be of psychological origin.
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Panic disorder (with agoraphobia)
A chronic state of anxiety and brief moments of sudden panic. The person fears that these panic attacks will occur in public places or unfamiliar situations.
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Panic disorder (without agoraphobia)
The person is in a chronic state of anxiety and also has brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic.
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Paranoid psychosis
A delusional disorder centered especially on delusions of persecution.
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Paranoid schizophrenia
Schizophrenia marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution.
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Personality disorder
A maladaptive personality pattern.
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Phototherapy
A treatment for seasonal affective disorder that involves exposure to bright, full-spectrum light.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder
A psychological disturbance lasting more than 1 month following stresses that would produce anxiety in anyone who experienced them.
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Psychological trauma
A psychological injury or shock, such as that caused by violence, abuse, neglect, separation, and so forth.
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Psychopathology
The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders; also, abnormal or maladaptive behavior.
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Psychosis
A withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thought and emotions, and by personality disorganization.
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Schizophrenia
A psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and a “split” between thought and emotion.
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Seasonal affective disorder
Depression that occurs only during fall and winter; presumably related to decreased exposure to sunlight.
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Sexual and gender identity disorders
Any of a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment.
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Social nonconformity
Failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social conduct.
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Social phobia
An intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarrassed, or humiliated by others in social situations.
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Somatization disorder
Afflicted persons have numerous physical complaints. Typically, they have consulted many doctors, but no organic cause for their distress can be identified.
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Somatoform disorder
Physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause.
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Specific phobia
An intense, irrational fear of specific objects, activities, or situations.
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Statistical abnormality
Abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score on some dimension, such as IQ or anxiety.
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Stress disorder
A significant emotional disturbance caused by stresses outside the range of normal human experience.
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Stress-vulnerability model
Attributes psychosis to a combination of environmental stress and inherited susceptibility.
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Substance-related disorder
Abuse of or dependence on a mood- or behavior-altering drug.
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