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2 Justifications for Punishment
- Backward looking = retributive justice
- Forward looking = deterrence, rehabilitation
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Capital Punishment in middle ages
- executions were public had two purposes
- 1 save the soul
- 2 deterrence
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Capital Punishment in 17th Century
Public executions go private
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Capital Punishment in the 70's and 80's
death penalty abolished in all western countries
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Raphael Lempkin
coined the term genocide
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world view 1 = technical
nature is something to be used and manipulated, instrumental
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world view 2 = Natural
emphasis on the connection between humans, animals, and all of life
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Centeral ethical issues (3)
- missusing and polluting the enviroment
- Expoliting, abusing, destroying animals
- waste and destruction of natural resources
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Teleological
what will help the world to flourish
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Aesthetic Value
Nature as an object of beauty
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sacred value
religous value, nature is holy
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anthropocentrism
humans are the center of the universe anf the envirement has no intrinsic value its only instrimental
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expanded circle approach:
Sentio-centrism
any living being that feels has moral value
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biocentrism
all and only living things are important
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Eco-centrism
the well being and flourishing of the living earth and its many organic / inorganic parts
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