CHM2CH13

  1. solubility
    the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution
  2. solvation
    the clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle
  3. saturated solution
    a solution in which undissolved solute and dissolved solute are in equilbrium
  4. unsaturated solution
    a solution containing less solute than a saturated solution
  5. supersaturated solution
    a solution containing more solute than an equivalent saturated solution
  6. concentration
    the quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution
  7. polar covalent bond
    a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally
  8. non-polar covalent bond
    a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally
  9. Henry's Law
    a law stating that the concentration of the gas in a solution is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution

    Sg = k Pg
  10. "like dissolves like"
    • polar substances dissolve in polar solvents
    • non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar substances
  11. Factors that affect solubility
    • solute-solvent interactions: stronger the attractions are, the greater the solubilty
    • pressure effects: solubility increases with increase in pressure
    • temperature effects: solubilty of most solids increases with increase in temp, solubilty of most gases decreases with increase in temp
  12. molarity (M)
    the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution
  13. molality (m)
    the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
  14. mole fraction (Xcomp)
    the ration of the number of moles of one compound of a mixture to the total number of moles of all components
  15. mass percent
    the number of grams of solute in each 100 g of solution
  16. parts per billion (ppb)
    the concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 109 (billion) grams of solution
  17. parts per million (ppm)
    the concentration of as solution in grams of solute per 106 (million) grams of solution
  18. colligative property
    a property of a solvent that depends on the total concentration of solute particles present

    • vapor pressure lowering
    • freezing point depression
    • boiling point elevation
    • osmotic pressure
  19. vapor pressure lowering
    vapor pressure of a volatile solvent above a solution containing a non volatile solute is proportional to the solvent's concentration in the solution
  20. freezing point depression

    Kf
    the change in the freezing point of a solution is directly proportional to the solute molality

    molal freezing point depression constant

    change Tf = Kf m
  21. boiling point elevation

    Kb
    the change in boiling point of a solution is directly proprotional to the solute molality

    molal boiling point depression constant

    change Tf = Kf m
  22. osmotic pressure
    the pressure required to stop osmosis from a pure solvent to a solution
  23. Raoult's Law
    Psolution = Xsolvent P0solvent

    Partial pressure exerted by the solvent vapor above the solution equals the mole fraction of the solvent times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
Author
pamichael5350
ID
122606
Card Set
CHM2CH13
Description
Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Updated