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B vitamin toxicities
nicain (B3) and pyridoxine (B6)
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B vit similariteis
- many are abundant in the diet
- some operate/require each other
- they are essential for similar body functions
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B-complex?
- originally thought to be 1 vitamin
- now know it is many vitamins
- all have different daily requirements
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which B vits are found in enriched refined grains?
- thiamin
- riboflavin
- niacin
- folic acid
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which vitamin has the following functions:
mitochondrial engery prodution
transketolase for pentose phosphate pathway
functions in nerves and muscle
thiamin (B1)
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how to measure tissue thiamin
transketolase activity
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thiamin deficiency usually associated with:
called Beriberi- alcoholism
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dry beriberi affects
peripheral neuropathy
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wet beriberi affects
congestive heart failure and edema
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cerebral beriberi
wornaki-korsakoff syndrome
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which vitamin has the following functions:
energy metabolism
anitoxidant function
liver detoxification
riboflavin (B2)
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chronic riboflavin deficiency caused by
- alcoholism
- anorexia nervosa
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s/sx of riboflavin deficiency
- oral: chelosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis
- skin: seborrheic dermatitis
- eye: corneal vascularization
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riboflavin is used for the treatment of:
- cataract prevention: protects the lens
- migrains: reduces frequency and duration
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2 forms of niacin
- nicotinic acid: plants, lowers cholesterol in large doses
- nicotinamide: animals, no effect on cholesterol
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how can the body synthesize niacin
from tryptophan
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what vitamins has the following functions:
mitochondrial energy production
anabolic reactons
niacin
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niacin deficiency
pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
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what to look for in niacin supplements
slow release niacin to control flushing
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risks associated with high therapeutic doses of niacin
flushing, hepatotoxicity, GI irritaion, headache, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated uric acid
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conditions that can be worsened by niacin
- diabetes
- peptic ulcer
- migraines
- gout
- cardiac arrhythmias
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evidence of niacing lowering cholesterol
- reduced heart attacks
- reduced cerebrovascular events
- reduced death rates
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