AP Euro French Rev.

• 1.Clergy
• 2.Nobility
• Blood Nobility
• Nobility that have worked their way to wealth
• 3.Commoners
• Peasants: large part of population
• Sans-culottes: city workers
• Bourgeoisie: middle class

They wanted no more dues

Their low wages & the high prices of food

They wanted political & liberal equality

• The 3 estates
• The American Revolution bringing ideas
• The economic issues & bad harvests
• The noble Parlement obstruction
• The huge national debt

• The Estates General turing to the National Assembly
• The sans-culottes taking over the Bastille
• The peasants & their great fear

The summer of 1789 because of the Estates General turning to the National Assembly

The bourgeoisie beacause they wanted a chance to finally have a say

Enlightenment ideas & rights

• Vote by order: clergy, nobility, & the king
• This is what the higher class wants so they can control & what the king chooses to keep them on his side

• Vote by head: peasants
• This is what they want because then they would be able to dominate the votes

A way for EVERYONE to join

The 3rd estate is everything but they are viwed as nothing & want to be something

The third estate gathered & said "we will not disband until we have made a constitution!" because the king had locked them out of the palace

He threatens to bring in troops: therefor the revolutioners need supplies

The sans-culottes because it had gunpowder & weapons

• The National Assembly was getting stronger & had a national guard (new militia of Paris)
• The people want constitutional rights

• It made a crack in the royal system:
• 1. The king can't do whatever he wants
• 2. The people now trust the national guard

• Bread prices, wages, dues, & noble oppression
• Rebel against lords, taxes, & medieval ways but NOT the king
• Because they hear of the Paris events & hear that nobles are going to bring in troops

• Aug 4th: Abolish noble & clergy privelage
• Aug 26th: Sign the Declaration of the rights of man & citizen

He is now in Paris (the heart of the moderate revolution) & is vulnerable

They lost their land & the value was turned into paper $: assignats

They were now paid by the state & had to take an oath to the state

• Juring: took the oath
• Nonjuring: refused to take the oath

He is mad & only wants to answer to God

• The secularization & division make things more radical
• The peasants are devoted to their faith & begin to think things have gone too far

A constitutional monarchy

• The power was in the National Assembly
• Nobility had NO power
• There were now passive & active citizens: the active hold office but must have $

The bourgeoisie

• Sans-culottes
• Jacobins
• -They wanted to push further

• Peasants
• Some bourgeosie
• Some nobility: the sword
• Some church members: nonjuring

• He tries to run away (but fails)
• He is seen as an anti-revolutionary & the people are paranoid

They are afraid there will be more revolutions now

• It states that the king must still be in power & the citizens need to behave themselves
• Austria & Prussia enforces it

Prussia & Austria to ensure the revolution keeps going

• France does not do well
• More violence
• More radical

• Marrit & Danton seek revenge over counter-revolutionaries (rash judgements & beheaded)
• Sans-culottes go after Persians

Girondon: provential moderates who want to keep the king, have a constitutional monarchy, & want slow changes

Mountain: ran by Robespierre, sans-culottes want the end of the king & monarchy & want a republic

• Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, & the Dutch were ready to invade by the summer of 1793
• Caused people to become even more paranoid

• The Committe of Public Safety
• Robespierre was the leader
• Made up of 12 men
• Keep discipline & organization

• Make a draft
• Motivated by modern nationalism
• New flag & new anthem

• Governement
• Army "a nation to arms"
• War

• Unification
• Push for a successful revolution

• An attempt to deal with the domestic issues:
• Execution of 50,000
• Harsh military
• Fast or no court

• Anyone against the revolution
• People were scared into unification

"Whatever is outside (the people's) sovereign will is an enemy"- The general will of the people (Rousseau)

• An attempt to create a new France
• Representatives were sent to impliment laws, enforce natural laws, & explain the war

• They wanted men to listen to them
• They demanded practical needs

• De-Christianizing:
• Saints were removed from street signs
• Churches were raided & closed by the army
• Notre Dam changed to the "temple of reason"

• 1792 would become year 1
• There would be 3 10 day weeks
• 1 day of rest & no sundays
• No religious holidays, just revolutionary festivals
• Months evoked the seasons & temperature

More counter-revolutionaries because the catholic people are beginning to think it has gone too far

July 14th- Robespierre is excuted

The sans-culottes

• A 5 man, 2 house system with the ideas of
• Laizze Faire
• Protection
• Re-opening the church
• Shut down Jacobins
• Get rid of the Public of Safety
• -It was made becuase the people of France craved stability

• Jacobins
• Royalists
• City workers

Napolean with his cannons with amo made from nuts, screws, rocks, & gravel

• Napolean
• Yes, they are okay with it

The bourgeoisies

He is talented & has made himself by his own effort

• His own destiny
• No class limits
• Talent & ability

• A chest of drawers
• Organized
• Quick & decisive

He moved up in ranks fast & was viewed as a hero

Austria

The Directory

• Names himself "1st Consul"-Council for life
• Has direct vote by the people

• He crowns himself
• It means he is above everyone else & is a self-made man

• Religious tolerance
• Concordot- pope appoints the bishops but the state gets to pick the nominees, they are paid by the state, & can return to having ceremonies

• The pope has to recongnizw the revolutionary changes
• The land previously taken from the church will stay where it is

• Makes civil codes (napoleanic codes)
• Equal before the law
• Choose your own job
• Abolish sefrdom & feudalism
• Property rights protected
• Women are unequal

• Used to centralize
• It is districted out but he it is not self governing
• He appoints the prefects who supervise all government activities
• Tax collection has no exemptions

It is made up of 60% bourgeoisie & is based on skill

The other countries were worried about his confidence & they wanted to balance of power & they don't trust him

• Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, & Sometimes the Netherlands
• Napolean wins

• France vs. Russia, Britain, & Austria
• Russia is beat, Austria surrenders
• This extends the borders of France

• France vs. Britain, Austria, Prussia, & sometimes Russia
• Napolean wins more than loses
• Wins huge geographically!

• It was a meeting between Russia & France
• Worried Prussia beacause they could determine it's fate

• French Empire (his direct conquest)
• Dependent States (Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy)
• Allied States (Prussia, Russia, Austria)
• -The allied states were all deafeated by Napolean

Fuedalism, monarlism, & he issues the state church

• Laizze Faire
• EXCEPT Britain

Political equality for all

They like what he is doing or want something (like civil rights) from it

• The spread of nationalism
• They didn't want to be ruled by a foreigner

They think he is trying to dominate

Napolean trying to embargo trade to Britain

They decide they will just trade somewhere else

• They hate it & they leave the alliance with France
• Napolean is afraid of others leaving

• He gather's his men & enters Russia
• Russia retreats & sets their villages on fire to prevent Napolean from entering

• Napolean loses
• Louis 18 replaces him as king
• Napolean is sent to the island of Elba off the island of Tuscany

• The troops take Napolean's side
• This worries other countries

Britain & Prussia defeat Napolean & he is exiled to the island of Saint Heleena

Louis the 18th & things are basically returned to the way they were in the 1780s

The map

• Nationalism
• Liberalism
• Conservatism