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flow control
The management of data flow between devices in a network.
Used to avoid to much data arriving before a device can handle it, causing data overflow.
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control data
Data that directs a process. A flag in a data-link frame is an example of control data.
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IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
An organization that assigns the numbers important to the proper operation of the TCP/IP protocol and the Internet, including assigning globally unique IP addresses.
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well-known ports
- Used by TCP and UDP, with values between 0 - 1023
- these ports are allocated by high-privilege processes.
Used so that all clients know the correct port number to connect to.
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registered ports
- Using values between 1024 - 49,151
- these numbers are equivalent to well-known ports in concept,
but they are specifically used for non-privileged application processes.
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dynamic or private ports
TCP & UDP ports that range from 49152 - 65535 and are not used by any defined server applications.
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URG
a 1-bit flag in the TCP header used to indicate that the receiving host should notify the destination process to do urgent processing.
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ACK
a 1-bit flag in the TCP header that indicates that acknowledgment field is valid.
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PSH
a 1-bit flag in the TCP header that is used to request to the higher layers for immediate delivery of the packet.
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RST
a 1-bit flag in the TCP header that is used to request that a connection be re-established.
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SYN
a 1-bit flag in the TCP header used to indicate the initial value of the sequence number.
Flag is only set in the first two segments of the three-way TCP connection establishment sequence.
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FIN
a 1-bit field in the TCP header that is used by a device that wants to terminate its session with the other device.
This done by inserting the FIN flag in the flag field found in the TCP segment.
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acknowledgment
a notification sent from one network device to another to confirm that some event (like a receipt of a message) has occurred.
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window size
As filed in the TCP header that is set in a sent segment, signifies the maximum amount of unacknowledged data the host is willing to receive before the other sending host must wait for an acknowledgment.
Used for flow control.
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