Lifespan chapter 7.txt

• author "me"
• tags "Lspan"
• description ""
• fileName "Lifespan chapter 7"
• freezingBlueDBID -1.0
• Information processing approch
• Analyze how individuals Manipulate information,monitor it and create strategies for handling it

Attention, thinking, memory

Process by wich information gets into memory. Changes in children cognitive skills depend om increased skill at encoding relevant information and ignoring irrelevant information

The ability to process information with little or no effort. Practice allows children to encode increasing amounts of information automatically and as a result we can complete tasks more quickly and can handle more then one tasks

Creation of new procedures for processing information.( childs reading benifits when they when they devlop a strategy of stopping periodically)

Children learn to use what they have learned in prrevious circumstances to adapt to their responses to new situation

Knowing about knowing/ knowledge about when and where to use particular strategies

To access process speed individuals are asked to push a button as soon as they see a stimulus such as a light

Is linked with their competence in thinking, but everyday task speed processing information may not be important

Focusing on mental resources and improve cognitive processing for many task

• Selective attention
• Divided attention
• Sustained attention
• Executive attention

Focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant

• Directs attention to locations (where)
• Recognize objects and their features (what)
• attention gains flexibility and speed
• Sustained (focus) attention increase

Concentrating on more then one activity at a time

Maintain focus on selected stimulus over prolong period called vigilance( sustained attention allows infants to learn about and remember characteristics of a stimulus as it becomes familiar)

Focus on action planning, goals, errors ,and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and declining with novel or difficult circumstances

Decreased responsiveness to stimulus after repeated presentations

Recovery of a habutated response after change in stimulation

• Indvisuals focus on the same object or event and requires:
• An ability to track anothers behavior, such as following a gaze
• One person directing anothers attention
• Reciprocal interaction
• Usually involves caregivers pointing or using words to direct an infants attention

Makes advantages in executive and sustained attention

Preschool children are more likely to pay attention to stimuli that stands out ( clown giving directions to a problem and kid pay attention to only the clown instead of the directions)

• Better at task that require skills
• Ability to shift from one activity to another at will
• Better at multi tasking

• Older adults may not be able to focus on relevant information as effectively as younger adults
• Less adept at selective attention
• Affected by vision and environmental distractions older adults(50 to 80) perform worste in divided attention

Is the retention of information over time

How information is placed or encoded into memory, retained and stored after being encoded, and how it is found or retrieved for a certain purpose later

Getting information into memory

Retaining information over time

Taking information out of storage

People mold memories to fit information that already exist in their minds

Mental frameworks that organize concepts and information; affects encoding and retrieval

Memory without conscious recollection; skills and routine done automatically

Conscious memory of facts and experiences; appears after 6 months

Adults recall little or none of first three years

Retain information up to 15 to 30 seconds without rehearsal

mental work bench for manipulating and assembling information, makes decsions, solve problems, comprehend written and spoken language ( peaks at 45 and decrease at 57)

Relatively permanent, unlimited type of memory

Used to improve information processing

Repetition better for short term

Elaberating on information to be remembered, and making it personally relevant and making long term memory more effective

Creating mental images for verbal information

Engaging in more extensive processing of information

Two types of memory representations verbatim memory trace and gist

Memory in precise detail

Central idea of information

Influences what people notice and how they organize,represent, interpret information

Conscious memory of facts and experience (at the grocery store and remember to buy something

Retention of information about the where and when of life happening ( what was it like when your younger brother was born)

Is personal recollection of events and facts stored episodic memory

Memory of second and third decades of life especially positives

Ones knowledge about world including field of expertise

Routine skills and procedures performed automatically (unconscious memory)

Ability to remember where something is learned (physical and emotional setting)

Remembering to do something in the future

Manipulating, transforming information in memory

Attention, memory, imitation, concepts

Ideas about what categories represent

Grouping based on characteristics

Categorizations are based similar perceputal features such as size, shapes, color and movement

Grasping deeper meaning of ideas, open minded( ask what, how, and why)

Aspects of thinking are domain specific, aimed at identifying causal relationship

Finding ways to attain a goal

Extensive, highly organized knowledge and understanding of particular domain

Studies brain and cognitive functioning links using mri and pet scans

Knowledge about memory

Curiosity or thoughts about how mental processes work

Difficulty in social interactions, communication, repetitive behaviors, interests and having difficulty developing theory of mind

Information bout speech is stored and rehearsal takes place

Visual and spatial information including imagrey are stored

Involve the use of mental activities to improve the processing information