Terms Pharm Unit 1

the study of drugs on humans

any chemical that can affect living processes

the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

a drug that elicits only the response for which it is given

an effect that a drug may have that was not intended

Name the 11 rights of drug administration

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

Before giving the drug

What are the 3 basic goals of Preadmission assessment

compliance or the extent to which a patient’s behavior coincides with medical advice. IS ESSENTIAL!

collecting data about the patient, patient interview, medical and drug-use history, physical examination, observation of the patient and Lab tests.

the nurse analyses the database to determine actual and potential health problems. Nursing Diagnosis.

the nurse delineates specific interventions directed at solving or preventing the problems identified in analysis.

begins with carrying out the interventions identified during planning

performed to determine the degree to which treatment was successful.

constitutes a description of a drug using the nomenclature of chemistry

is assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council. Preferable name to be used.

It is what is needed to move on to phase 4 of new drug development.

3 CYP families of liver enzymes responsible for drug metabolism

the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

What are the 2 purposes of enteric-coated drugs?

a cycle in which drugs in the liver are taken up into the bile, secreted back into the small intestine (by the bile duct), and then reabsorbed back into the portal blood.

removal of the drug out of the body

How can Drugs can be excreted?

If client is back from surgery and is not to full renal function, how can you promote a client to excrete anesthetic medication?

How are most drugs excreted?

refers to the rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs

the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

attracted to water

repels away from water (usually lipids)

process of stimulating enzyme synthesis (can have 2 positive effects, stimulates the liver to produce more enzymes, AND accelerate the metabolism)

strong attraction of lipids.

smaller doses of drugs than a maintenance dose AND It is how the plateau can be maintained, minimum effective concentration (of drug in plasma or blood) – MEC AND the plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur AND for a drug to be beneficial it must reach at least the MEC)

enzymatic alteration of drug structure

injected AND skips the absorption stage of pharmacokinetics

it is the study of drug movement throughout the body

steady drug level

molecule has a positive or negative charge AND must polar to be excreted

Neutral charge molecule AND cannot be excreted

a compound that is pharmacologically inactive as administered and then undergoes conversion to its active form within the body

a molecule that contain at least one atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge at all times therapeutic range (of drug concentration in plasma or blood)

movement of the drug from its site of administration into the blood

% of drug absorbed and available to use AND can vary from person to person

The property of when two drugs have identical active ingredients or 2 different dosage forms of the same drug processes similar bioavailability and produce the same effect at the site of the physiological activity

a drug is attached to albumin to be transported to its destination.

a drug not attached to albumin an is available for use or is able to pass through capillary walls

the strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor

causes a response

prevents a response (plugs receptors, e.g., Narcan)

bind reversibly to receptors, they compete with the agonists for receptor sites, competes for binding sites if enough Agonists available, if enough agonists are not available, no blocking will occur

relationship between size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response, determine minimum amount of drug and maximum response, AND how much is needed to increase dosage to produce increased response (Basic features:As dose is increased the response is also increased, Can increase or decrease dose until desired response occurs, AND at some point an increase in dose cannot increase the response)

dosage required to produce a defined therapeutic response in 50% of the population, Average effective dose, Standard dose

the effect a drug can produce

is the largest effect that a drug can produce

average lethal dose

bind irreversibly to receptors decreases the number of receptors available

the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effect are produced, the study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it

the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect

the special "chemicals" in the body that most drugs interact with to produce effects

any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects

a highly desirable characteristic of a drug

the ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50 ( a high one is relatively safe, a low one drug is relatively unsafe)

the ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding

The majority of drug metabolism is catalyzed by this group of enzymes, which is composed of a large number of isozymes (closely related enzymes)

can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs, thereby raising their blood levels

a process of stimulating enzyme synthesis

Interactions that result in reduced drug effects

When a patient is taking 2 medications, one drug may intensify the effects of the other

there are 2 basic types: 1. interactions in which the interacting drugs act at the same site, and 2. interactions in which the interacting drugs act a separate sites

When 2 drugs are taken together, one may alter the absorption, ditribution, metabolism, or excretion of the other

Any noxious, unintended, and undesiread effect that occurs at normal doses

allergic reaction

bioavailability