Med. Term Ch 14

carry or move inward or toward a central structure

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue

network of nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord

carry or move away from a central structure

projection of a neuron, especially the axon that transmits impulses

additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

chamber or cavity of an organ that receives or holds a fluid

cerebrum

cranium (skull)

tree

brain

ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

glue; neuroglial tissue

movement

thin, slender

word, phrase

meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

bone marrow; spinal cord

stupor; numbness; sleep

nerve

nerve roots

strength

thalamus

sheath (usually refers to meninges)

tension

ventricle (of heart or brain)

pain

weakness, debility

feeling

movement

seizure

partial paralysis

speech

paralysis

order, coordination

thick

near, beside; beyond

union, together, joined

psychological disorder in which the major characteristic is an abnormal mood, usually mania or depression

eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain adequate weight for age and height, and an all-consuming desire to remain thin

psychological "worry" disorder characterized by excessive pondering or thinking "what if..."

disorder affecting children and adults characterized by impulsiveness, overactivity, and the inability to remain focused on a task

mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, energy, and ability to function; also called manic-depressive illness

eating disorder characterized by binging (overeating) and purging

mood disorder assoc. with sadness, despair, discouragement, and, commonly, feelings of low self-esteem, guilt, and withdrawal

mood disorder characterized by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behavior, and excessively elevated mood

sudden, intense, overwhelming feeling of fear that comes without warning and is not attributabel to any immediate danger

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact

weakness, debility, or loss of strength

lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement

premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar sensation that precedes seizures

developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level

injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli

injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or traum to the head

any sudden and violent contraction of one or more muscles

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory abiloity, and exposure

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response and sudden muscle weakness

painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles

inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration

accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and seperation of cranial bones

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli; also called sluggishness

nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

• paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or controlled tremor
• -facial pralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve, associated with herpes virus
• -type of pralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes, speech and learning ability

• loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation
• -paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke; also called unilateral paralysis
• -paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord
• -paralysis of both arms and legs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the upper spinal cord

major emotiona disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is inapable of meeting challenges of daily life

• defect in which the neural tube (tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord in the fetus) fails to close during embryogenesis
• -form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
• -most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine
• -form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spianl and muscle deformity and paralysis

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver and, possibly, heart kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes

severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating downt the leg due to a compressed nerve

temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also falled fainting

general type of seizure characterized by the loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body (tonic phase) followed by rhythmic, jerking movements (clonic phase)

temporarty interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours

recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage

needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected; also called spinal puncture and spinal tap

test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the CNS, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemmorrhage

• radiography of the blood vessels after introduction of a contrast medium
• -angiography of blood vessels of the brain after injection of a contrast medium; also called cerebral anteriography

diagnostic and radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium into the spinal canal

scan using computed tomography to record the positrons (poitively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

ultrasound technique used to study intracraial structures of the brain and conditions that cause a shift in the midline structure of the brain

technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it

precise method of locating and destorying sharply circumscribed lesions on specific, tiny areas of pathological tissue in deep-seated structures of the CNS; also called stereotaxy or stereotactic surgery

partial destruction the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, or emotional disturbances

transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulver

• produce partial or complete loss of sensation, whith or without loss of consciousness
• -act upon the brain to produce a complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness
• -act upon nerves or nerve tracts to affect a local area only

prevent uncrontrolled neuron activity assocaited with seizures by altering electrical transmission along neurons or alterint he chemical composition of neurotransmitters; also called antiepileptics

control tremors and muscle rigitiy associated with parkinson disease by increasing dopamine in the brain

treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system (group of brain structures), wich controls emotions

treat multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters

depress CNS functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness

reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters