(Other soft tissue findings include foreign bodies, calcifications, and gass bubbles)
When a bone has a lesion (such as a tumor) that grows in spurts the periosteum has time to lay down a new layer while the tumor is not growing as fast before it has another spurt this causes a radiologic pattern of layers that grow out from the bone called a ___________
�Onion skin�
the triangular area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a lesion, often a tumour, raises the periosteum away from the bone
Codman's Triangle
When there is a rapidly growing bone lesion the periosteum does not have time to lay down communicating layers so it makes fibers that penitrate through the tumor and connect it to the bone these fibers show up on radiology as lines radiating out from the bone and are called a __ or __ pattern
Sunburst or Hair on end
A fracture that does not go all the way through the bone
incomplete fracture
A fracture that goes all the way through the bone
complete fracture
a fracture that is incomplete with both bones oriented in their original place
Nondisplaced fracture
A fracture with the distal portion moved inward toward the midline
medial displaced complete fracture
A fracture with the distal portion moved outward away from the midline
lateral displaced complete fracture
A fracture that is complete but the top and bottom portions remain in their original orientation to one another
Distraction
A fracture where the lower portion moves back up and overlaps a portion of the superior portion
Overriding fracture
Fracture orientation when the fracture is straight across the shaft of a bone
Transverse
Fracture orientation when the fracture is at a diagonal angle
Oblique
Fracture orientation when the fracture is helical down the shaft
Spiral
A fracture in which bone fragments are separate completely
Complete fracture
A fracture in which the bone fragments are still partially joined. In such cases there is a crack in the osseus tissue that does not completely transverse the width of the bone
Incomplete fracture
A fracture that is parallel to the bone's logn axis
Linear fracture
A fracture that is at a right angle to the bone's long axis
Transverse fracture
A fracture that is at a diagonal to the bone's long axis
Oblique fracture
A fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted
Spiral fracture
A fracture in which the bone has broken into a number of pieces
Comminuted fracture
A fracture caused when bone fragments are driven into eachother
impacted fracture
Fracture that occurs in children within their developing years when there is a mechanical failure on the side to which there has been significant tension. This causes the bone to bow.
Greenstick fracture; Torus fracture
What should you worry about with pelvic or femoral fractures
hemorrhage
What should you worry about with a crush injury or multiple fractures
fat embolism
What should you worry about with an elbow fracture?
Brachial artery injury
what should you worry about with a proximal humeral fracture?
Axillary artery/nerve injury
What should you worry about with a shoulder dislocation?
What should you be sure to assess when dealing with a humoral fracture?
Neurovascular function especially the radial nerve
look for weak/absent wrist dorsiflexion and �wrist drop� along with decreased sensation in the dorsal hand
What is a Nursemaids elbow?
Radial head dislocation from the annular ligament
A nondisplaced radial head fracture is a mason classification class ___
I
A single displaced fragment with a radial head fracture is a Mason classification class __
II
A comminuted radial head fracture is a mason classification type ___
III
a fracture with elbow dislocation is a mason classification class ___
IV
Most common area of the radial head to be fracture is the ----
anteriolateral
What motions will a person with a radial head fracture find difficult/painful
pronation and supination
Most common way to get a radial head fracture
FOOSH
�Fat Pad Sign�
Radial head fracture
Most common way to get a scaphoid fracture
fall on outstretched hand
�pain in the anatomical snuffbox�
Scaphoid fracture
What X-rays should you order for a scapoid fracture?
PA/Lat and oblique of the hand as well as a scaphoid view and then order again in a week if negative for the first set the patient may still have a fracture that is not visible on x ray
how do you splint a scaphoid fracture?
Thumb spica
What are the complications of a scaphoid fracture
A vascular necrosis of the scaphoid and nonunion
the blood supply is retrograde so hard to heal
Will a patient with a knee dislocation be able to bear weight?
No
How do you get a knee dislocation
high energy trauma to the knee
True or false a dislocated knee is an orthopedic emergency
true
what diagnostic studies would you run for a dislocated knee?