If the radiograper is unable to adjust the mAs, yet needs to double the radiographic density of a particular film, which of the following would be best to accomplsish this?
A. increase the kvp by 50%
B. Increase kvp by 15%
C. Decrease SID by 50%
D. Inrease SID by 15%
B. Increase by 15%
An exposure was made using 400 mA an. 03 sec. In order to maintain the some density, what must the new expsure time be if the ma is changed to 200?
D. 06 sec
Which of the following groups of exposures factors will produce the lowest radiographic contrast?
D. 300 mA. 03 sec 115 kVP
____________ refers to the degree of blackening of an x-ray film.
D. Density
___________ is a measurement of x-ray tube current ( the number of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode per second. )
Ma (Miliamperage)
When a film demosntrates long scale contrast because of over penetration, the appropriate change to restore a shorter scale of ontrast would be
D. Decrease kvp
An exposure was made using 200 mA, and 0.025 seconds. What is the mAs used fo this exposure?
A. 5 mAs
Radioraph that exhibits many shades of gray may be described as having
A. Long-scale
If 1/30 seconds was selected for a particular exposure, what mA owuld be necessary ot produce 20 mAs?
D. 600 mA
A lateral radiograph of the cervical spine as made at 40"SIDusing 500 mA ad 0/02 seconds. It is desired to use a smaller focal spot size and therefore the technoogist must use a 100 mAstation. What new time would be used to maintain radiographic density?
C. 0.1
True or False: When kvp increases, radiographic contrast decreases.
True
The relationship of mAs to distance is...
B. Radiatio nis directly propotional to the square of the distance
True or False: As distance increases, radiographic density will increase assuming no compensation is made.
False
___________refers to the differences in radiographic densities (shades of grgay)on radiograph.
D. Contrast
True or False: X-ray production occurs at the filament
False
True or False:Photons that escape the tube housing except at the port window are called off-focus raddiation.
False
True or False: The Anode side of the tube has a positive charge.
True
True or False:The faster the anode rotation the better the heat dissipation
True
True or False:Approimately 25-30% of the x-rays exiting htetue are considered off-focus
True
For which exam would it be appropriate to utilize the anode heel effect?
C. Femur
Leakage radiation must not exceed...
C. 100 mR/hr at 1 meter
What permits the electrons to flwo from cathodde toanode without encountering the gas atoms of air?
A. The precense of a vacuum
B. Dielectric oil
C.mAs ad kVP
D. Lead lined housing
A The precense of a vacuum
The anode targt surface is composed of______
A. Tungsten
Normal use of the rotating anode will evnetually vaporize sufficient target focal tract material to...
C. Roughen or pit hte target area
When utilizing the anode heel effect, ____ should be placed under the anode.
A. Thinner body part
B. Thicker body part
A. Thinner body part
The anode heel effet is most ntoiceale with..
D. Large image receptor and da short distance
The term ___________________ is used to describr the area of the focal spot that is projected out of the tube toward the obeject being radiogrraphed
B. Focal track
Which of hte following best describes the warm up procedurefor an x-ray tube.
C. Moderate kvp, moderate ma and long exposure time
Both filament and focal track are composed of..
C. Tungsten
True or False: The most diganostic target angel is between 7-17 degrees
True
Acording to the line focus principle, when the target angle is less than 45 degrees, the effective focal spot is always _______ than actual focal spot.
C. Smaller than
When the switch labeled "rotor or prep" is activated priro to an exposure, the rotor begins to turn and....
A. Higher current is sent to the filament
What type of incident occurs when the incident electron ejects a k-shell eletron from an atom of tungsten?
D. Characteristic
What determines the energy of the photon produced in a bremmstrahlung interactions
D. The amount of energy lost as the incident electron bends around the nucleus
A characteristic interaction will not occour unless the kvp is set for what amount?
A. 69.5
The diagnostic x-ray is mostly composed of which interactions?
B. Bremmstrahlung
The average primary beam photon has an average energy (kev) of only about....
C. 30-40% of the kvp
When the kvp is increased, what is the effect on the emission spectrum?
C. Increase in energ (amplitude) and the quantity of photons
What type of effect becomes evident in the off-spring of the individual?
D. Genetic
Which of the following account of the largest source of man-mad radiation?
C. Medical x-rays
What field survery instrument is commmonly employed for the measurement of the primary and secondary radiation beam for purposes of the evaluiation of equipment performance?
D. Ionization chamber instruments
A device that is employed for detection and measurement of radiation exposure from x-radiation is called a...
A. Primary barrier
C. Densitometer.
B. Dosimeter
D. Filter
B. Dosimeter
Which type of ionizing radiation is considered electronmagnetic?
B. Fast neurons
Which of the following is capable of measuring dose as low as I mrem?
A. Optically stiumlated luminescense (OSL dosimeter)
Which of th following contain lithium floride crystals?
D. Thermolument dosimeter (TLD)
Which of the device is worn temporarily and provies no permanent record of radiation exposure?
D. Pocket dosimeter
Which of the following uses a laser light to stimulate crystals to become lumisecent in proportion to the amount of radiation received?
A. Optically stimulated luminesnce (OSL Dosimeter)
Which of the following is NOT read and recorded in mrem?
D. Pocket dosimeter
What is the formua to determine rem?
D. Rad quality factor
What represent the unit of absorbed energy or dose and is applicable to any material?
C. Rad
What unit represents the unit of exposure in air
A. Roentgen
Personnel monitoring is recommended whenever a possibility exist that an individua will receive mroe than ____ of the recomended dose limit as a result of his or her occupational activities.
A. 1/10
Which fo the following causes the least ionization per unit length of measurement
B. X-ray
Which of the following is the most penetrating?
A. X-ray
True or false: somatic effect becomes evident in the irradiated individual
True
True or false: Radon accounts forr the largest source of natural radiation exposure
True
True or False: To acount for thefact that the same absorbrd dose of radiation amy result in different biological responeses for different typtes of radiation, a unit known as the rem was developed.
True
True or false: both film badges and tlds ca be adversely affectd by heat, humidity, pressure, inadvertent exposure to light and prolonged delay between exposure and processing.
True
Lead aprons mst be ade of a minimum of ____mm pb/eq if the peak energy of the beam is 100 kVP
C. .50
Primary barriers must be ____ inces pb/eq thick and ____ to the primary beam
D. 1/16 perpedicular
Which of the following would best reduece occupational dose?
A. Decreaes in collimation
B. Decrease in filtration
C. A increase in distance
D. Increase in mAs
C A increase in distance
The control booth is considered a _________barrier
A. Primary
The wall that the wall bucky is attached to is considred a ____________barrier
A. Primary
B. Secondary
A. Primary
Which of the following is NOT true when considering a stochastic effect?
C. Its also called a determnistic effect
What effect inrease in severity as dose increases?
A. Stochastic
B. Non-stochastic
B. Non-stochastic
What are thhree principles ( or cadinal rules) of personnel exposure?
A. Time, distannce shielding
B. Time, shielding, density
A. Time distance shielding
What does ALARA stand for?
As low as reasonablly achievable
When the distance fro ma source of radiation is doubled, the amount of radiation expsoure is
A. Decrease four times
Lead thyroid shield and lead gloves usually possess of a mnimum of ____________ mm pb/eq.
D. .25
Annual EDLfor a student to their skin, hands and feet (nonstochastic)
D. 50 rem
Annual EDL for an occupational worker (stohastic)
B. 5 rem
Annual edl for education and training exposure (stochoastic)ad general public.
A. 1 rem
B. .1 rem
C. 5 rem
D. 10 rem
Guidance: cumulative exposure for a 5 year old occoupational worker:.
B. 25
Annual EDL for an occupational worker to the lens of the eye: (rem)
A. 15
EDL to the embryo-fetus exposures for a pregnant radiographre for the month (rem)
A. 50
B. .05
C. .5
D. 0.01
.05
Annual EDL for an occupational worker to the skin, hands and feet: (rem)
D. 50 rem
Annual EDL for a student to te lens of the eye: (rem)
B. 1.5
Total: ( during the entire gestation period)EDLfor embryo-fetus exposure for ap regnant radiogrpaher ( rem )
