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Chp. 50
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Hormone
Substances secreted by cells that act to regulate the activity of other cells in the body
Endocrine Glands
Ductless organs that secrete hormones either into the bloodstream of the fluid around cells
Endocrine System
The endocrine glands and specialized cells that secrete hormones
Exocrine Glands
Secrete Substances through ducts (tube-like structures)
Amino Acid-based Hormones
Hormones made of amino acids
Steroid Hormones
Lipid hormones that the body maked from cholesterol
Target Cells
Specific cells which a hormone travels to produce a specific effect
Receptors
Proteins that bind specific signal molecules that cause the cell to respond
Second Messanger
A molecule that initiates changes inside a cell in response to the binding of a specific substance to a receptor on the outside of a cell
Neuropeptides
Hormones secreted by the nervous system
Prostaglandins
Modified fatty acids that are secreted by most cells
Hypothalamus
The area of the brain that coordinates many activities of the nervous and endocrine systems
Pituitary Glands
Suspended from the hypothalamus by a short stalk
Thyroid Gland
Located near the lower part of the larynx
Adrenal Gland
Located above each kidney
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Two amino-based hormones
Cortisol
Promotes the production of glucosefrom proteins making usable energy available to cells
Gonads
The ovaries in females and the testes in males
Puberty
The adolescent stage during which the sex organs mature and secondary sex characteristics
Luteinizing Hormone & Follicel-stimulating Hormone
Stimulate secretion of sex hormones from the gonads
Estrogen & Progesterone
In females they cause the monthly release of an egg by an ovary and buildup of the uterine lining
Androgens Testosterone
An androgen that regulates male secondary sex characteristics
Insulin
Lowers the bloos sugar level by stimulating body cells, especially muscles, to store glucose or use it for energy
Diabetes Mellitus
A condition in which cells are unable to obtain glucose, resulting in abnormally high blood glucose concentrations
Melatonin
Concentrations increase sharply at night and decrease dramatically during the day
Negative Feedback
The final step in a series of events inhibits the initial signal in the series
Positive Feedback
Release of an initial hormone stimulates releaseor production of other hormones or substances, which stimulate further release of the initial hormone
Author
hlakiyama
ID
12200
Card Set
Chp. 50
Description
Endocrine System
Updated
2010-03-28T05:10:21Z
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