-
Renal function tests include:
- Both a and b are correct
- the urinalysis and BUN and serum creatinine
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Which substance is an abnormal constituent of urine?
Glucose
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The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:
glomeruli
-
Which statement is not true concerning urinary tract infections?
Once cystitis develops, pyelonephritis will certainly occur
-
Renal calculi may be composed of:
- Both a and b are correct
- calcium oxalate and uric acid
-
Which can be characteristic of ureteral stones?
- All of the above are correct
- severe back pain, severe pain in abdomen, nausea and vomiting
-
A common cause of both pyelonephritis and cystitis is:
invading, ascending microorganisms such as E.coli
-
Uremia Exhibits:
retention of metabolic acids
-
Which renal condition usually has a history of recent infection with beta-hemolytic sterptococci?
glomerulonephritis
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Which statement is not true concerning glomerulonephritis?
approximately 90% of individuals develop a chronic disease
-
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with _____to plasma______.
Increased glomerular permeability; proteins
-
Causes of acute renal failure include:
- Both b and c are correct
- stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters, heart failure leading to porr renal perfusion
-
Which is not a characteristic of chronic renal failure?
anuria
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chronic renal failure:
- All of the above are correct
- may result from hypertension, is usually the result of chronic inflammation of the kidney, may be treated with dialysis or transplants
-
An individual has an elevated blood level of urea and creatinine because of complete calculi blockage of one ureter. This is referred to as:
postrenal disease
-
Nephrotoxins, such as antibiotics may be responsible for:
acute tubular necrosis
-
Uremia, as seen in chronic renal failure, would include:
- All of the above are correct
- metabolic acidosis, elevated BUN and creatinine, cardiovascular disturbances
-
The earliest symptom of chronic renal failure is:
Polyuria
-
In chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial disease leads to:
sodium wasting
-
A patient is complaining of abdominal and back pain. You have diagnosed bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tracts?
Pyelonephritis
-
Which of the following is true regarding renal cell carcinoma?
Symptoms include hematuria
-
Which of the following is not a determinant of severity for obstructive uropathy?
Type of blockage
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A diabetic male child has 4 g of protein in his urine each day. He is experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Nephrotic Syndrome
-
Which of the following is not a cause of obstructed urine flow?
Detrusor areflexia
-
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following conditions is associated with this medical problem?
Spinal cord injury
-
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Which type of urinary calculus is this?
Struvite
-
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
Group A streptococci
-
Which of the following is not one of the factors that are required before a stone is formed?
Low concentration of salt
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