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Which of the following statements best describes the Law of Conservation of Mass?
The mass of all the products will be the same as the mass of all the reactants
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What is a reaction rate?
It is the speed at which reactants are consumed or product is formed
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How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
It increases the energy difference between the reactants and products
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What is an endothermic reaction?
- A reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants
- A reaction where there is a net aborption of energy from a reaction
- A reaction that requires heat as a reactant
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Which of the following statements doesn't reflect a change in entropy?
- A stack of neatly arranged clothing falls from a table
- The tendency of a clean room to slowly (or not so slowly) become messy
- A tower of cards collapsing as a child bumps it
- A hot frying pan radiating heat
- All of the above describe entropy in action
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The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are
silicon and oxygen
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Process of crystalization enriches a magma in
- minerals that have low melting points
- silica and other minerals that have low melting points
- silica
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Some _____ rocks is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water
sedimentary
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Rocks can begin to melt if
- the rocks water content increases thereby decreasing the rocks melting point
- a decrease in pressure results in a sufficient decrease in the rocks melting point
- heated by rising magma from the Earth's interior
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Radiometric dating is based on
the half-life of radioactive atoms
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The velocity of a seismic wave depends on
the type of material it travels through
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Because S-waves do not travel through Earth's outer core, scientists inferred that the outer core is
molten liquid
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Wegener's theory of continental drift
was not accepted by the scientific communited of the early 1900's
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The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by
paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean's floor
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Magnetic surveys of the ocean floors reveal
alternating strips of normal and reversed polarity paralleling the mid-Atlantic ridge
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Granite does not readily form near oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries because
- The magma formed at this type of boundary is not conducive to producing granite type rocks
- oceanic-oceanic convergence often results in the eruption of andesitic lavas
- granite forms from granitic magma and most oceanic material is basaltic in origins
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Nebular theory pertains to the formation of
the solar system
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What region of the Sun is solar energy generated ?
The inner core, with temperatures more than 15,000,000 K
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With daytime temperatures that can reach 430 degrees Celcius why is nightime on Mercury so cold?
With very little atmosphere, heat is quickly lost back into space
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What is the most abundant component (at 82%) of Jupiter's atmosphere ?
Hydrogen
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Is the rate of Earth's rotation increasing or decreasing?
Decreasing
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About how many tons of meteorities strike the Earth on a daily basis?
200 tons
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What is the upper limit of stars the unaided eye can discern on a moonless night in a rural area?
About 3,000 stars
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What are the relative compositions of the materials from which stars form?
About 74% hydrogen, about 24% helium, no more than 2% other materials
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On the H-R diagram our Sun is a
Star of average luminosity and temperature
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A star's size stabilizes when
Thermal pressure and gravitational attraction balance each other
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One of Edwin Hubble's discoveries is that the known universe is expanding. This means that
Most all observable galaxies are moving away from each other
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Cosmology is the study of the overall structure and evolution of
The universe
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Cosmic Inflation refers to
An extremely rapid expansion of the early universe that occurred in an extremely brief period of time
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Spacetime is curved by
Mass
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Dark Matter is matter that is
Cannot be seen or felt, but can be measured through its gravitational effects
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Dark energy
- Would be considered to be the opposite of gravity
- Is energy that exerts an outward pressure, causing spacetime to expand
- Is the phenomenon responsible for the acceleration of the universe
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Heat death refers to the universe
Reaching the lowest energy state possible, which will mean the greatest level of entropy
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