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A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is
Adaptation
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A blind spot occurs in the retina where
the optic nerve attaches to the retina
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sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the
tympanic membrane
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The basic receptors in the inner ear are the
hair cells
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The retina is
the neural tunic
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At sunset, your visual system adapts to
rod-based vision
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A better-than-average visual acuity rating is
20/15
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The malleus, incus, and stapes are the tiny bones located in the
middle ear
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Receptors in the saccule and utricle provide sensations of
gravity and linear acceleration
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The organ of corti is located in the _______ of the inner ear
cochlea
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Auditory information about the frequency and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear branch of cranial nerve:
VIII
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What are the three types of papillae on the human tongue?
- 1) filiform papillae
- 2) fungiform papillae
- 3) circumvallate papillae
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What structures make up the fibrous tunic of the eye?
sclera and the cornea
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What are the functions of the fibrous tunic?
provides mechanical support and some physical protection, serves as an attachment site for the extrinsic eye muscles, and contains structures that assist in the focusing process
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What strucutres make up the vascular tunic of the eye?
iris, ciliary body, choroid
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What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear, and what are their functions?
Malleus, incus, and stapes transmit a mechanical vibration (amplified along the way) from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
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Trace the olfactory pathway from the time an odor reaches the olfactory epithelium until nerve impulses reach their final destination in the brain
- Axons leaving the OF epithelium collect into 20+ bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid to reach the OF bulbs of the cerebrum.
- Axons leaving the olfactory bulb travel along the OF tract to reach the OF cortex, hypothalamus, and portions of the limbic system.
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Why are olfactory sensations long-lasting and an important part of our memories and emotions?
OF sensations are long lasting and important to memories because the sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex via the hypothalamus and the limbic system without first being filtered through the thalamus
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What is the usual result if a sebaceous gland of an eyelash or a tarsal gland becomes infected?
An infected sebaceous gland of an eyelash or tarsal gland usually becomes a sty, a painful swelling
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Displacement of sterocilia toward the kinocilium of a hair cell
produces a depolarization of the membrane
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Damage to the cupula of the lateral semicircular duct would interfere with the perception of
horizontal rotation of the head
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When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more_______
rounded
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