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Developmental Disorder.
Delay in normal maturity, intellect, cognition, learning, and methods of self-care
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Name some examples of dev. disorders (3).
- Mental retardation
- autism
- learning disorders
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Disruptive Behavior Disorder.
Name an example.
Externalizing or obvious behavior problems that include overactivity, impulsivity, inattention, aggression, noncompliance, etc.
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Youths w/ ADHD commonly have learning problems such as what?
Do researchers usually study dev. and disruptive behavior disorders together, or seperate?
Difficulty reading.
Study as separate entities.
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Limited dev. disorder
List examples of limited dev. disorders
One area but not many areas of functioning are affected.
Examples:
- learning disorders
- Aspergers disorders
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Pervasive dev. disorder
List examples of this disorder
Interfering w/ ability to communicate with, or function idependently of, others.
Examples:
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Mental Retardation
3 main features
*All 3 must occur together to be considered MR
1) Poor cognitive dev: less than 70 IQ
2) Adaptive functioning: ability to complete everyday tasks that allow one to be independent.
Language, social interaction, academic, self-care, home living, community, work safety, health..
3) MR disorder must begin before age 18.
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Grouping mental retardation in categories.
Intermittent
Limited
Extensive
Pervasive
I: support when needed, moving or seeking a job
L: consistent support, employment training
E: regular, daily support
P: constant, intense support
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Autism.
3 main sets of symptoms.
How many symptoms must a person have to be diagnosed w/ Autism?
- 1) Social interaction: "self" only
- *Do not interact w/ others, versus mental retardation
- 2) Communication: w/ others.
- *Evident of "echolalia" (repeating words)
3) Bizarre behavior patterns
*At least 6-12 symptoms
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Do most people with mental retardation have autism?
No. Only 40-70%
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Other Pervasive Dev. Dis.
Asperger's disorder. Define.
*High-functioning autism
Similar to autism. SEVERE impairment in social interaction & bizarre behavior patterns.
*Do notgenerally have major deficits in language, cognitive dev. adaptive functioning.
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Rett's disorder.
Multiple dev. delays, though many delays are not apparent until a child is at least 5 mos. old.
*Child appears normal for months before developmental delays begin.
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Is Rett's disorder largely seen in girls or boys?
Is Autism largely seen in boys or girls?
Rett: girls
Autism: boys
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What are the two disorders that develop AFTER normal growth?
1) Rett's Disorder
2) Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
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Learning Disorder.
Define.
What type of disorder is it?
Poor school achievement in reading, math, or written expression.
*It is a type of LIMITED dev. disorder.
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Learning disorders are largely due to what?
Changes in the person's brain.
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A list of some specific learning disorders.
(6)
Dyslexia: problems reading & spelling
Dysgraphia: disorder of written expression.
Dysnomia: mis-labeling objects.
Dysphasia: disorder of word expression.
Dyspraxia: disorder of fine motor movements.
Dyslalia: trouble saying words.
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MR:
Percentage of population.
More prominent in boys/girls?
More common among which racial group?
.78-2%
Boys.
African-Americans.
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Which of the following is usually not comorbid?
MR, Autism, Asperger's, Learning disorder
Autism.
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What other disorder is learning disorder usually linked with?
ADHD.
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List some pervasive dev. disorders.
(3)
1) Asperger's
2) Rett's
3) Child disintegrative disorder
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What is Fragile X syndrome.
More common in males/females?
X chromosome narrows, breaks, or mutated.
Males.
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What is PKU?
defective gene must be inherited from both parents.
*The inability to break down the PKU amino acid.
*Excess of this AA can lead to damage of the liver/brain.
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Sickle-cell disease. Define.
Which racial group does it effect the most?
Damaged red blood cells, slow blood movement, less oxygen to the body.
*African-Americans
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Down-syndrome is due to what?
Down is usually followed by what disease at age 40-50?
An extra #21 chromosome, 47 instead of 46 total.
*Usually followed by Alzheimer's disease.
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What % does "cultural-familial MR" account for in individuals w/ MR?
50%
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Autism & Schizophrenia are more prevelant among which populations?
Immigrant populations.
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"Shaking" an infant or child can lead to what consequences?
Death or permanent brain damage.
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Name some characteristics of individuals who have Disruptive Behavior Disorder.
Inattention, impulsivity, overactivity, aggression, non-compliance.
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What is ADHD?
What is Oppositional defiant disorder?
What is Conduct disorder?
ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, overactivity.
Opp. def. dis: hostility and anger, bullying, etc.
Conduct dis: intense problems of aggression, property destruction, lying and stealing.
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Are disruptive disorders more prevelant in boys/girls?
Boys and also COMORBID.
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Imbalances of what hormones are present in ADHD (2), and conduct disorder?
ADHD: imbalance of dopamine/norepinephrine.
Conduct dis: serotonin.
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Youths w/ disruptive behavior disorders tend to have large/small brain areas?
Small.
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Severe symptoms of hyperactivity & impulsivity in young children often predict later onset of what disorder?
Which can also lead to what disorder?
Oppositional defiant disorder.
*Leading to Conduct disorder.
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