Microbiology

The study of disease

The study of the cause of a disease

The development of disease

Colonization of the body by pathogenes

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

The study of the movement and transmission of disease

• Permanenitly colonize host but dont cause disease.
• Type and location of organism all depends on micro enviroment.

• The competition between microbes.
• Normal microbiota protects body against invaders by adjusting different levels.

May be present for days, weeks, or months.

Is the relastionship between normal microbiota and the host

Both the human and microbe benifit

Typically lactic acid producing bacteria ingested to aid digestion and protect intestine from pathogens

One organism benifits at the expense the other (pathogens)

Disease causing microbe, not typically part of normal microbiota.

Take advantage of a weaked immune system to cause disease.

• First to link particular microbe with a disease.
• Etiology.
• Kock's Postulates.

• 1. Same pathogen must be present in every cse of diease.
• 2. Pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
• 3. Pathogen from culture must cause same disease in newly inoculated animal.
• 4. Pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal and must be proven to be original pathogen.

• Not all diseases can be cultured.
• Some pathogens cause many diseases.
• Some pathogens can only cause disease in humans and not in test animals.

A change in body function that is felt by patient and a result of disease.

A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease.

A specific group of signs ans symptoms that accompany a disease

A disease that is spread from one host to another

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another measured on a degree scale

I disease that is not transmitted from on host to another.

Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time

• Fraction of the population having a specific disease at a given time
• AIDS

• Disease that occurs occasionally in a population
• FLU

Disease constantly present in a population

Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

Worldwide epidemic

• Immunity in most of a population
• Vaccination sched. to protect population

Symptoms develope rapidly, common cold

Disease develops slowly, turberculosis

Symptoms between acute and chronic, endocarditis

Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive, shingles

Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body, abscesses

An infection throughout the body, measles

Systemic infection that began as a local infection, tooth infection

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes especially bacteria or their toxins

• Bacteremia
• Septicemia
• Toxemia
• Viremia

Acute infection that causes the initial illness

Opportunistic infection after a primary infection

No noticeable signs or symptoms, hepatitis A

• Makes body more susceptible to disease
• age, fatige, short urethra, lifestyle

Interval between initial infection and first appearance of symptoms

Short period following incubation with mild diseaase symptoms

Highest severity of disease symptoms, sometimes resulting in death

Body returns to previous condition

Continual source of infection

Many have in-apparent infections or latent disease (humans)

Transmission from animal to human (animal) rabies

Environmental reservoir water nad soil

Requires association between infected and suseptible host (person to person)

Spread by fomites (non-living objects)

Transmition via airborne droplets

Transmission by food, water, air, IV fluids, drugs, body fluids

• Any agent (person, animal, or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious agent
• Flees, ticks, mosquitoes

Passive transport of pathogens (carried on insect feet)

Vector fufills portion os pathogens life cycle

Are acquired as a result of a hospital stay

EID disease that is new or changing, showing increase in incidence or a patential to increase

Important for disease control on population

• Disease occurrence
• To whome age, race, sex ect
• Mode of transmission
• Reservoirs
• Effective methods of control

Showed how disease spread

Proper hand washing tech prevents spreading

Showed improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic

Collection and analysis of data (Snow)

Comparision of a diseased group and a healthy group (nightingale)

• Controlled experiments (Semmelweis)
• test drug effectiveness

Health care workers report specific diseases to local, statem and national officers

Contagious and or deadly diseases, physicians are required to report occurrence

Collects and anaylzes epidemiological information in the US

Incidence of a specific notifable disease

Deaths from notifiable diseases

Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period

Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time