stem cells/cancer

• stem cells are specific tissue to ultimately produce different types of that tissue
• 1) self-renewing population of unspecialized cells
• 2) divide asymmetrically to give rise to differenetiated cell types

Enviormental cues and divion signals

Stem cells in theory can give rise to any cell in the body (embryonic) though Adult stem cells can still help to regenerate damaged areas

• before becomes a fetus; undifferentied cells
• that have potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types

undifferentiated cells found in differentiated tissue that can renew itself but is already specialized from the tissue it comes from; cells from tissue, not very much and hard to identify

basal lamina and will migrate upward

serve specific function only, never will reproduce, will die after when old

Transplant has been more successful - refers to growing in culture (donor)

• immortal in culture
• totipotent : could become any cell
• easily obtained

• not well understood / hard to control
• not "self" - may be rejected

• partially specialized
• signals required for speciallized diff...and that helps
• not attacked by immune system

• Not immortal
• only can become cetain cells - multipotent

• Oncogenes: activating mutations; stimulated continual cell cycle
• growth
• Tumor suppressor: inactivation mutations; no longer works properly

cancer is a diesase of cell division; cancer involves the accumulation of abnormal growth of mutations which gather and create cancer

• Invasive: growing into surrounding tissue
• Metastatic: spreads to new sites
• Anaplastic: abnormal in appearance and
• organization

• 1) Spontaneous Mutation Rate
• 2) Enviorment
• 3) Inheritance

excess abnormal growth which results in formation of massive cells

stimulates breakages in DNA where mutations are activated which ruin sections when the two pieces come together which were not created together; different types of chromosomes are put together