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planck equation
- E=hv=hc/wavelength
- v-frequency
- c-speed of light
- h-plancks constant (6.63*10-34)
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Bohr atom
- electrons in a hydrogen atom move around the nucleus in certain allowed circular orbits that are certain distances form the nucleus.
- electrons are in definite and discrete energy levels
- electrons can move from one level to another with corresponding absorption or emission of radiation
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Dalton (father of modern chemistry)
- atoms of the same are alike and different from other elements
- compounds formed by joining atoms of elements
- compound always has same kind and number of atoms
- all matter made up of atoms
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J.J Thompson
- all metlas and gases contain electrons
- atoms neutral
- atoms can be divided
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Rutherford
atoms have small dense positive center
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strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4
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strong bases
LiOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, (1st and 2nd family except Be and Mg)
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V.S.E.P.R. theroy
e-s try to get as far away from each other as possible. minimize repulsive forces.
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Linear
- 2 density regions
- sp hybridization
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trigonal Planer
- 3 density regions
- sp2 hybridization
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tetrahedral
- 4 density regions
- sp3 hybridization
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trigonal bi-pyramidal
- 5 density regions
- sp3d hybridization
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octahedral
- 6 density regions
- sp3d2 hybridization
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