Oceanography final

the chemical reaction in which organic molecules (carbohydrates) are formed from carbon dioxide and water, using radiant energy (sunlight) as an energy source and chlorophyll as a catalyst; oxygen is the biproduct!

warm blooded

an organism that synthesizes biomass from inorganic molecules by using an external energy source like sunlight, plants that photosythesize are autotrophs

an organism that is incapable of synthesizing its own food and therefore must feed upon organic matter produced by other organisms

an organisms feeding status in an ecosystem; its position in the food chain.

taxonomy

light, temperature, dissolved inorganic solids, dissolved gases, hydrostatic pressure, and water movement

pelagic, neritic, oceanic, benthic, littoral, euphotic, aphotic

open water

near continent, neritic and oceanic

deep zone

light penetrating zone

no light

bottom of euphotic zone, when the respiration rate = productivity

the seafloor, the lowest part of the ocean

part of the water closer to shore similar to neritic

nektons and plankton

actively swimming organisms contrast to plankton

drifting organisms can be contrasted with nektons

sessile benthic, and mobile benthic

organisms anchored to the bottom of the floor

organisms that are able to freely move, ex: crabs, flounders

they are microscopic plants that obtain their energy from sunlight, phytoplankton carry an important role since they are the base of their food chain.

diatoms, dinoflagellates, zooxantheale, cyanobacteria

one of the most productive photosynthetic organisms, they are a big contributer to oxygen on earth and they are made up of glass shells, silicon dioxide, when they die they form silicious oozes on the ocean floor.

single celled autotrophs, and few live in other organisms, but most are free in the water. They have whiplike projections called flagella in channels groove, and uses it to move throught he water to achieve the best photosynthetic position as possible. They are the cause of red tide and other harmful algae blooms.

a harmful algal bloom caused by dinoflagellates being very numerous and the water turns a rusty red color from the pigments of the algae

protista not plantae

red-rhodophyta, brown-phaeophyta, green- chlorophyta.

actual plants that have little vein like tubes that carry nutrients through their bodies, segrasses, mangrove.

we use the light and dark bottle technique and measure the amount of oxygen that is being produced.

zooplankton,primitive invertebrates, advanced invertebrates, vertebrates

floating drifting organisms, feed on phytoplankton or smaller zooplankton and can range from being microscopic or to several meters (jellyfish), verticle migration system

live near the bottom but some are free swimming, some suspension feeders; usually have no digestive, excretory and cirvulatory systems; some have tentacles or stinging cells also very big range in size, example: sponges,anenomies,worms

most numerous of marine animal species, some form of mobility and many exhibit planktonic larval stages, some graze on plant, some are suspension feeders, some are predators, and some are scavengers; they have well-developed digestive and nervous systems; shells, exoskeletons. ex: snails, seacucmbers

animals that hvave an internal skeleton of calcified bone or cartilage; range in size from a few mm to over 30 mm; largest sub group is fish, then birds, marine mammels, reptiles, generally the largest most mobile and most intelligent animals in the sea; phyla chordata examples hagfish,sharks,frogs,albatross,whales

• zooplankton-protozoa;cnidaria;molusxa;arthropda
• primitive inverts- sponges; sea anemonies,worms
• advanced inverts- mollusca; arthropoda; echinodermata
• vertebrates- chordata

• class: osteichthyes.
• four families.
• herring-smallest fish the most caught
• cod- meduim size
• tuna- the fastest and eats the most, no swim bladders and endothemic
• halobit- flatfish-flounders

• 1) streamlined body shape
• 2) internal body heat generation and heat conservation
• 3) modified respiratory system
• 4) water regulation mechanisms

toothed whales and baleen whales