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Entamoeba histolytica
- found in aqueous habitats
- has both life cycle stages
- humans are the primary host
- food borne or waterborne
- infects intestinal cells
- diagnosed through fecal flotation
- symptoms are cramps and bloody diarrhea
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Trichomonas vaginalis
- Flagellate
- reservoir is the human urogenital tract
- 50% are asymptomatic
- strict parasite that does not live long outside the host
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Giardia lamblia
- most common flagellate isolated
- has both stages
- can survive up to 2 months in the environment
- isolated from the intestines of many animals
- can be found in fresh water
- displays food borne illness symptons
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Trypanosoma brucei
- blood flagellates
- vector borne
- lives in the blood and body tissues of the human host
- has complicated life cycle
- African Sleeping Sickness
- vector is the TseTse fly
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Trypanosoma cruzi
- Chagas disease
- reduviid bug is the vector
- mainly South America
- blood flagellates
- vector borne
- lives in the blood and body tissues of the human host
- has complicated life cycle
-
Leishmania
- sand flies are the vector
- endemic to equatorial regions
- blood flagellates
- vector borne
- lives in the blood and body tissues of the human host
- has complicated life cycle
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Plasmodium
- Protozoa without well developed locomotor organelles
- has four species (falciparum, malariae, vivax, ovale)
- malaria
- Anopheles mosquito is the vector
- stained blood smears are definitive diagnosis with patient
- history
- uses a quinine drug form for treatment
- prevention is the best method of control.
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Toxoplasma gondii
- Protozoa without well developed loco-motor organelles
- toxoplasmosis
- uses cats for part of its life cycle
- occurs throughout the world
- most cases go unnoticed but some progress to severe disease such as in a fetus or AIDS patient
- cysts can be in raw or undercooked meat
- mimics mononucleosis or cytomegalovirus infection.
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Cryptosproridium
- Protozoa without well developed loco-motor organelles
- intestinal parasite of many animals
- spread in unsanitary water or food
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