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Allport (1935) said that the concept of attitudes is probably the most ___ and ___ concept in American social psychology.
Distinctive, indispensable
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Who said that social psychology is the scientific study of attitudes?
Watson (1930)
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What is Petty and Cacioppo's (1996) definition of am attitude?
'A general or enduring positive or negative feling about some person, object or issue'.
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Attitudes cannot be accessed ___.
Directly
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How are attitudes measured?
Self-report measures
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Attitudes can be Positive, Negative, ____ and ____.
Ambivalent, Indifferent
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Attitudes can develop in what three ways?
- A result of experiences
- Social interactions
- Product of processes (Cognitive, Affective, Behavioural)
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___ experience is more predictive of behaviour.
Direct
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What three tyes of knowledge are involved in attitude formation?
- Clarity
- Confidence
- Certainty
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Affective antecedents is an _____ response.
Emotional
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Attitudes can be formed via ____ conditioning.
Classical
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Attitudes can be formed via ____ association.
Repeated
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Attitudes are more readily formed through behaviour where there is ____ control of engagement in behaviour.
Autonomous (not being coerced)
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Attitudes can have an important function for the ___.
Self
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Attitudes can be ego ____.
Defensive (self-enhancing)
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Attitudes can express a ___ system.
Value
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Attitudes can help us to constuct a ___ base.
Knowledge
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Attitudes can serve a ____ function (help us avoid punishment or gain rewards)
Utilitarian
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\in terms of attitudes being a social function, they are important for _____.
Socialisation
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Azjen and Fishbein's (1980) Theory of _____ emphasises the rationality of human behaviour, but also the conscious control of behaviour.
Reasoned Action
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The Theory of Reasoned Action was extended to The Theory of ____.
Planned Behaviour
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The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Azjen 1991) added _____ behavioural control.
Perceived
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TRA/TPB assume that attitudes are ___, reasoned and planned (Hogg & Vaughan 2005)
Intentional
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TRA says that there must be a subjective norm, attitude towards a behavor and _____ to produce a behaviour.
Behavioural intention
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One problem with measuring attitudes is that the attitude and ___ relationship is often poor.
Behaviour
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Whose study with chinese restaurant visitors showed that self report attitudes may not match actual behaviour?
LaPiere (1934)
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In LaPiere's study, the chinese couple were refused service only once, but in a postal follow-up, ___% of restaurants said they would refuse Chinese.
92%
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Attitude-behaviour consistency may vary according to:
Accessibility, the ___ of the attitude, public or private attitude expression, ___ identification.
Strength, Group
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The critical perspective says the language has a ____.
Function
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Wetherell (1987) states that the ctitical perspective to attitudes involves, ____, ____ and _____.
Function, Construction, Variability
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What is the term in traditional attitude research which says that attitudes are assumed to be scattered around in people's heads like currants in a fruitcake?
Atomism
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Discursive psychology focuses on the ___ of attitudes.
Function
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Blaming and defending and stake inoculation show that there is an active ____ of accounts in interaction to suit particular purposes.
Construction
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A critical social psychological approach to attitude is concerned with the way in which we ___ versions of the world, and the ___ such constructions perform within everyday interactions.
Construct, Function
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