Quizes.txt

An increase in percentage of water vapor in the air would cause the partial pressure of oxygen to:

Which of the muscles are important in forced respiration?

The _____ is lined with mucosa to remove particulates from the respiratory tract

Restrictive disorders reduce:

Compliance is the tendency of the lungs to _____ and is necessary for ______

Surfactant produced by _____ prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration

The _____ attaches to the vocal folds and swivels to regulate their tension

The total lung volume includes the vital capacity and _____.

Hemoglobin saturation increases as a result of which of the following?

An increase in pCO2 will result in _____ dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin

Digestion

Which of the following inhibits stomach secretion and motility while simultaneously stimulating bile release, pancreatic enzyme release, and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?

Amino acids are absorbed into mucosal cells principally by:

Negative feedback on stomach secretin and motility as acid chime reaches the duodenum results from the secretion into the bloodstream of:

The lining of the esophagus is:

Peyer�s patches are lymph nodules found mostly in the:

Which of the following is a brush border enzyme?

Pepsinogen is secreted by:

The pyloric sphincter is forcefully constricted and other stomach muscle inhibited by:

The hierarchy of enzyme function ______ must act before ____ can act

The ____ stimulates gastric secretion during the cephalic phase and as a result of physical contact in the stomach

Three distinct bands of longitudinal smooth muscle are found in the:

The upper third of the esophagus has:

____ is/are responsible for emulsifying fats

Absorption of water occurs mostly in the:

Three distinct layers of smooth muscle are found in the:

If you see villi and goblet cells you are looking at the:

Positive feedback on stomach secretion and motility as acid chime reaches the pylorus results from the secretion into the bloodstream of:

Which of the following is/are true sphincters?

The ____ has Brunner�s glands which secrete an acid-neutralizing mucus

Hypersecretion of insulin occurs in:

(T/F) Fats are lipolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids when glycogen stores begin to run low

The primary hormone in the absorptive phase of glycemic regulation is:

(T/F) Fats are readily converted to glucose when glycogen stores run low

The hormone which stimulates lipolysis is:

An excessive amount of ___ can cause hypoglycemia

Deamination results in molecules of ____ which are exceted through the kidneys

Management of diabetes Type I is through:

Diabetes type I results from damage to the ___ pancreatic islet cells which secrete insufficient amounts of _____.

The hormone which stimulates glucose synthesis from amino acids during severe stress conditions is:

Most reabsorbed substances enter the interstitial fluid and the ______:

The hormone instrumental in facultative absorption of water is:

In the countercurrent exchange of salt, NaCl is taken fro the medulla into the _____ only to be returned to the medulla from the _____:

Most reabsorption of water occurs from the:

Deficient secretion of ____ produces diabetes insipidus

Stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system causes _____ of the ______.

Aldosterone-controlled salt reabsorption occurs from the:

The _____ is lined completely with transitional epithelium for stretchability.

In response to direct stimuli by the macula densa cells the:

The substance produced in response to renin which causes vasoconstriction in the efferent arteriole and arterioles is:

Which of the following is a normal constituent of urine:

The substance ____ is released by the juxtaglomerular cells when stimulated by the macula densa.

When large amounts of acid must be secreted the H+ are neutralized with amines and made into:

The cells which sense flow rate and salt concentration in the distal convoluted tubule are the:

The process of secretion occurs in all the following except:

Cortical blood vessels served by the efferent arteriole are the:

Facultative water reabsorption occurs from the:

The hormone, also known as vasopressin, which produces arteriole vasoconstriction when secreted in response to reduced blood volume is:

Most reabsorption of glucose occurs from the:

The ____ lead directly to the afferent arterioles.

Co-active transport is instrumental in the reabsorption of:

The blood vessels leading directly to the glomerulus are the:

Most reabsorption of glucose occurs from the:

When the blood is not acidic the most common cation secreted is:

The inner medulla is very _____ due to the countercurrent exchange of salt.

Direct myogenic response to increased blood pressure produces ____ in the _____.

ACTH stimulates the release of all of the following except:

Which of the following hormones is produced by neurons origination in the hypothalamus:

Secretion of PTH is triggered by:

Releasing and inhibition hormones from the hypothalamus control hormones released from the:

The hormone which responds to infant sucking to produce continued milk after birth is:

Acromegly is a disorder associated with hypersecretion of:

Which of the following stimulates protein synthesis along with both carbohydrate and fat catabolism?

A decrease in plasma calcium levels triggers the secretion of:

The hormone which stimulates contration of uterin smooth muscle to produce labor is:

Which of the following g is NOT a cland controlled directly by plasma substrate levels:

Reproduction/Endocrine

Which of the following enters the nucleus of target cells to increase their basal metabolic rate?

The hypothalamus directly controls the ___ through releasing and inhibiting hormones.

In response to ___ the primary oocyte becomes ____.

The hormone _____ is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during the ovulatory cycle.

The uterine ____ phase and the ovarian ____ phase occur together.

The ____ stores hormones released from neurons originating in the hypothalamus

The hormone ___ is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.

Produces semen containing acid phosphatase which activates the spermatozoa.

The corpus luteum produces ______.

The ____ is directly stimulated by the hypothalamus and not part of the hypothalamic-pituitary control mechanism.

The substance ____ feeds back to the hypothalamus to regulate spermatogenesis.

The hormone _____ is the primary cause of the ovary�s follicular phase

The hormone ___ is the primary hormone produced by the ovary during its follicular phase.

The hormone ____ is produced by the ovary during its lueal phase.

In direct response to TRH, the _____ will secrete _____.

The hormone _____ is the primary cause of the uterine proliferative phase.

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce:

A venous network which helps to maintain a temperature in the testicle which is several degrees below body temp.

As a result of increased energy demand, ____ is released by the hypothalamus.

Produces most seminal fluid containing nutrients and bicarbonate.

The portion of the uterus not subject to cyclic exfoliation is:

At birth a woman has a limited number of ____ which are found inside the ____.

In the male ____ acts on the sustentacular (nurse) cells to cause the production of ____ which interacts with ___ causing spermatogenesis.

The tissue that responds to hormonal stimulation in cyclic buildup and exfoliation is:

In response to ____ the mature follicle becomes _____.

An interarterial anastomosis:

An example of an arteriovenous anastomosis would be:

Gives rise to the umbilical artery

Sends blood from the pulmonary to the systemic division in the fetus

A branch from the right coronary artery:

Fetal vessel which bypasses the liver:

GIves rise to the splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric arteris:

Which of the following are active phagocytes:

Erythropoietin increases the _____ of red blood cell production.

Coumadin competes with _____ for receptors which stimulate production of clotting proteins.

Calcium ions are important for the:

Activaltion of genes that produce fetal hemoglobin can be used to manage sickle cell anemia because it has no ____ globin chains.

Rouleaux is:

The thin tan layer of white cells and platelets found at the end of the formed elements in an hematocrit tube is called the:

Most carbon dioxide is transported:

Before a clot forms, a _____ may be sufficient to produce hemostasis in damaged capillaries.

The substance _____, produced by recombinant bacteria, is used to reduce damage in thrombosis occurring in embolitic stroke and myocardial infarction.

Your blood is redirected to the local areas of the skin during cold temperatures to avoid tissue damage. This is due to:

Your blood is directed away from the skin during cold temperatures. This is due to:

The pulse pressure is absent in the:

The pulse pressure disappears (ends) in the:

The Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is considered negative (inward flow) at the:

The muscular pump works together with _____ to move blood toward the heart where the pressure gradient is insufficient.

The greatest cross sectional area for the entire vascular component is found in the:

Stretched veins and/or semilunar valves:

Inflammation of a veins, often resulting in sluggish blood flow

Obstruction of a blood vessel, usually by a clot which has moved from a different location

A balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery

Smooth muscle is proportionally the greatest component of the tunica media in:

The type of capillaries found in the spleen is the:

A smooth lining for the vessels

A pore which allows increased size and rate of transport

Gaps within tight junctions which allow molecular transport

Essentially the basement membrane, it contains collagen and othe pro-coagulants

Water and solutes which accumulate in the interstitial fluid from capillary filtration are returned to the circulation through:

As a result of exercise the cardiac center receives input from the:

A symptom of hemorrhagic loss of blood would be:

The closing of the AV valves is due to:

The mechanism called _____ maintains the moment to moment cardiac output and pressure.

The long refractory period exhibited by myocardial cells is indicated by diagram number:

This letter would be missing in sinus nodal block.

The posterior interventricular artery forms an interaterial anastomosis with vessel _____ to provide collateral circulation to the myocardium.

Increasing pressure due to ventricular contraction closes which valves?

Between points B and C increased myocardial stretch will lead to _____ contractility.

An increase in the threshold of the hearts nodal myogenic cells will:

The second heart sound occurs as a result of valve closure due to:

Which of the following work as part of lymphokinetic motion in humans?

The labeling of antigens to make them more visible to phagocytes is called:

The lowest hydrostatic pressure is found in the:

Which of the following work as part of the muscular pump in lymphokinetic motion in humans?

The _____ secrete interleukins I and II in response to contact with an activated macrophage.

The location of immunocopetence of T-cell lymphocytes is the:

The antibody receptors on immunocompetent B cells

Gamma globulins, these ultimately make up the bulk of the antibodies produced in response to infection

These are pentamers, and the first type of antibodies produced in response to infection

These antibodies are found in the body's secretions

These antibodies are produced in response to an allergen which is not pathogenic

Which of the following would you see in the ECG as the result of ischemia or myocardial infarction:

Increasing the peripheral resistance would have a:

Contractility and afterload are _______.

Contractility and preload are _______.

Explain what a beta blocker does that produces a negative inotropic (force related) effect.

The principle which describes the length-tension relationship for the heart is known as:

What does the kidney secrete that influences oxygen transport in the blood?

An increase in the threshold of the hearts myogenic cells will:

The principle cause of an increased EDV is:

An increase in EDU combined with a decrease in ESV will result in: