Personality

The combination of all psychological characteristics and behavior patterns that define an individual and characterize the ways in which that individual relates to the world and adapts to demands constitutes the

Freud’s theory is called psychodynamic theory because it deals with the dynamic struggle that takes place between

Freud developed an approach to personality called

You meet a psychologist who explains behavior in terms of defense mechanisms and psychosexual stages. This psychologist represents which view of personality?

From the famous French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, Freud got the idea that if hysterical symptoms could be removed by hypnotic suggestion, then they must be

Freud’s belief that we share with nonhuman animals the goal of survival is demonstrated in his conceptualization of the

In Freudian theory, the level of consciousness that corresponds to our current level of awareness is the

In the iceberg analogy, the tip of the iceberg is most like which level of consciousness in Freud’s theory?

According to Freud, most of the human mind resides in the ____, and primitive sexual and aggressive instincts lie in the ___.

According to Freudian theory, when you are asked to recall your phone number, you access your

In psychoanalytic theory, animal drives and instinctual pleasures are thought to be contained in the

The terms id, ego, and super ego refer to which component of psychoanalytic theory?

Freud might say that someone who was displaying excessive aggression was acting according to his or her

In psychoanalytic theory, ___ is to reality principle as ____ is to pleasure principle

In psychoanalytic theory, the personality structure that organizes ways to handle delays of gratification is the

At the toy store, Tamika’s ego was evident when she

In the iceberg analogy, which personality structure(s) lie(s) completely below the water?

Frank says, “My conscience is bothering me.” Using Freud’s terminology, we would say that Frank is referring to his

From a psychoanalytic perspective, someone with a very strong sense of morality might be described as having a very strong

Which part of the personality might be described as “the great compromiser”?

The superego imposes punishment in the form of

According to Freud, the major defense mechanism is

In psychoanalytic terms, motivated forgetting is also known as

Paul forgets to call his mother-in-law on her birthday. He says it just slipped his mind. In the Freudian view, this type of forgetting may represent the defense mechanism of

According to the Freud, the purpose of defense mechanisms is to

Regression is

After 6-year-old Samantha’s baby brother was born, she asked to drink from a bottle, just like baby Simon. This may be a case of

Ingmar’s boss ridiculed him in front of the whole office. When Ingmar returns home, he yells at his wife and children and kicks his dog. This is an example of

Refusing to acknowledge a threatening impulse or desire is

It is often said of substance abusers that the first step in recovery is admitting they have a problem. In Freudian terms, we might say they need to overcome

The politician who campaigned most vigorously against gay marriage in his state is exposed as being secretly gay. This scenario appears to be in line with which defense mechanism?

When his wife asked him why he drinks so much, Joey said, “I don’t drink too much. I only drink socially. I happen to be a very social guy and so I’m always around other people.” Joey appears to justify his drinking with which defense mechanism?

Attributing one’s own impulses or wishes to another is called

Rapists sometimes defend their actions by saying their victim acted toward them in a sexually provocative manner. This is an example of

Unlike other young children, Benny was never bothered by the sight of blood. Infact, it fascinated him. Later, as a teen he loved gory movies. Now, as an adult he write horror-filled books that are best sellers. Benny appears to be demonstrating which defense mechanism?

Ruth has conflicting feelings about getting married that she has not allowed to enter her consciousness. On the night before her wedding, when her mother asks what time they need to be ready to leave the house, Ruth answers, “The hearse will be here at 9 o’clock.” Ruth’s comment is an example of a(n)

Regarding Freud’s view on personality development, which of the following statements is false?

In Freudian theory, different parts of the body associated with sexual pleasure are referred to as

The psychoanalytic perspective suggests that too much or too little gratification at a psychosexual stage may result in

Emilio’s therapist says that Emilio’s personality is fixated at the earliest stage of development. In lay terms, the therapist means that Emilio’s personality is

What is the correct ordering of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development?

According to Freud, the Oedipus conflict arises during which stage of psychosexual development?

On their first date, which was to see a play at a theater, Angela decided that Alex had an anal- expulsive personality because

Frederico is a perfectionist with a strong need for self- control, order, and cleanliness. Freud would describe Frederico as having a(n)

Francis is passive, clingy, and dependent, with a pessimistic outlook on life. In which psychosexual stage might Francis be fixated?

From Freud’s perspective, a boy resolves his Oedipus complex by

Emmanuel teaches fourth graders. At which stage of psychosexual development can Emmanuel expect the majority of his students to be?

A major contribution of Jung to the psychodynamic approach was belief in

Among neo- Freudians, ___ is to analytical psychology as ___ is to individual psychology.

Which of the following is best definition of the term archetype?

Jung believed that similarities among cultures in dream images, art, and religious symbols are explained by the

Compared to Freud, Jung placed greater emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT

Ali is short, is thin, and has a pock-marked face. He wishes he were as tall as everyone in his seventh-grade class and that his skin were clear. Nevertheless, with his conscious effort, he has managed to become the most popular student in class by cultivating a sense of humor and an easygoing manner. Adler might say that Ali is manifesting which of the following?

According to Adler, because of their small size and limited abilities, all children harbor feelings of

Which neo-Freudian raised the idea that men may experience “womb envy”?

Which neo- Freudian is associated with concepts such as “inferiority complex” and “creative self”?

In Karen Horney’s theory of personality development, children may develop a form of deep resentment toward their parents. Horney labeled this

The major contribution of Freud and later psychodynamic thinkers is considered to be their focus on the

The greatest limitation of psychodynamic theory, according to the text, is which of the following?

Freud might say that someone who was displaying excessive aggression was acting according to his or her

Jung believed that similarities among cultures in dreams, art, and religious symbols are explained by the

In psychoanalytic theory, __ is to reality principle as ___ is to pleasure principle

Freud’s belief that we share with nonhuman animals the goal of survival is demonstrated in his conceptualization of the

Refusing to acknowledge a threatening impulse or desire is

The greatest limitation of psychodynamic theory, according to the text is which of the following?

Paul forgets to call his mother-in-law on her birthday. He says it just slipped his mind. In the Freudian view, this type of forgetting may represent the defense mechanism of

Frederico is a perfectionist with a strong need for self- control, order, and cleanliness. Freud would describe him as having an

According to Freud, the purpose of defense mechanisms is to

Francis is passive, clingy, and dependent, with a pessimistic outlook on life. In which psychosexual stage might Francis be fixated?

According to Freud, the purpose of defense mechanisms is to:

Stable and enduring personal characteristics are called

Which of the following is true about traits?

Who believed that personality traits are physical entities located in the brain?

Mahatma Gandhi’s commitment to nonviolent solutions to social problems is an example of what kind of trait?

In Allport’s view, cardinal traits are

Allport proposed ___ types of traits in personality, and they are called ____.

Which of the following people is described a secondary trait in Allport’s model?

According to Allport, secondary traits

In Cattell’s model, characteristics of personality that can be inferred from behavior are called

Cathleen takes the 16PF test of personality. This test will measure Cathleen’s ___ traits.

Who developed the 16PF personality test?

In a study of the 16 PF results of writers, airline pilots, and creative artists, writers scored higher than creative artists and airplane pilots on which factors of personality?

Which theorist’s model of personality describes personality in terms of three major traits: introversion- extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism?

Evelyn takes a personality test that measures the following personality traits: introversion- extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Which test has Evelyn taken?

Which of the following people is most likely to be labeled introverted-stable on the Eyseck Personality Inventory?

In Euseck’s model, stable is to neurotic as

Darius scores high on psychoticism. In which way is Darius likely to be perceived by others?

Which of the following statements is true about Eysenck’s model of personality?

Cibill takes the Eysenck Personality Inventory and finds that her “type” is extraverted-stable. Which description most likely fits Cybill?

In research reported in the text, a group of mountain climbers scored which pattern on the EPI?

The most widely adopted trait model of personality today is the

Dr. Provost lectures to her psychology class on the “Big Five” What is the topic of Provost’s lecture?

In the five- factor model of personality, which two traits parallel two of Eysenck’s traits?

In order to remember the “big five” for a psychology test, Marianne took the first letter in each of the five factors and combined them to make which acronym?

Current research on the “factors” of personality suggests that there are how many major personality factors that best describe human personality?

Sasha is a thrill- seeking risk- taker. He ravels all over the world searching for unique adventures. On that basis alone, Eysenk would probably surmise that Sasha is

Tifara takes a personality test measuring the “Big Five” factors of personality. Results from one of the test’s subscales suggest that Tifara is conforming, practical, and conventional. Which factor is being measured with this subscale?

In the five- factor model of personality, the extent to which a person is sensitive, warm and tolerant verses callous, cold, and hostile is captured in which personality facto?

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between personality traits and psychological outcomes?

A gene that regulates the neurotransmitter dopamine has been linked to which personality trait?

The belief that behavior reflects both the ways in which situations affect people’s traits and the ways in which people’s traits affect situations is called

Regarding the trait perspective on personality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to the text, the MAJOR criticism of trait theories is that they

In the five- factor model of personality, which two traits parallel two of Eysenck’s traits?

Watson and Skinner believed that

An extension of behaviorism that includes internal mental processes and the influence of other people on personality is called

Dr. Sloan, a behaviorist, was invited to give a lecture at a psychologists’ convention. He would be sharing the podium with four social- cognitive theorists who would likewise be presenting a lecture. Below is the list of scheduled lectures for the evening. Which of the topics is most likely to be Dr. Sloan’s lecture?

Social- congnitive theorists believe that personality consists of learned behavior and

The primary contributors to social-cognitive theory are

In social- cognitive theory, expectancies are

Which of the following students is demonstrating a positive expectancy about schoolwork?

In Rotter’s theory, a subjective value is

Which psychological instrument did Rotter develop?

An individual’s general belief about his or her ability to obtain reinforcements is referred to as

Sylvia has an internal locus of control, whereas Debbie has an external locus of control. Compared to Debbie, Sylvia is more likely to

The idea of reciprocal determinism was developed by

Reciprocal determinism refers to the idea that

Which of the following best describes Bandura’s ideas about the relationship among behavior, cognition, and environment

Which type of learning did Bandura emphasize in his social- cognitive theory?

Shawn is more likely to smoke marijuana in situations where he believes it will make him more relaxed than in situations where he feels he will make a fool of himself. Shawn’s idea about smoking marijuana reflect his

Herschel believes that he will be able to perform the behaviors necessary for him to succeed at obtaining his bachelor’s degree. Albert Bandura would categorize Herschel’s beliefs as

Self-efficacy can handicap performance when it leads to

The modeling aspect of Bandura’s social-cognitive theory was put into practice in Mexico and Tanzania to persuade people to follow the lead of models demonstrating which respective behaviors?

Which social- cognitive theorist argues that behavior is influenced by situation variables and person variables?

In Mischel’s theory, which person variable involves the ability to plan courses of action to achieve goals and obtain rewards?

Social cognitive theorist Mischel’s most recent work focuses on the

According to the text, the most important contribution of the social- cognitive perspective has been

Learning theory is to behavior therapy as social- cognitive theory is to

Herschel believes that he will be able to perform the behaviors necessary for him to succeed at obtaining his bachelor’s degree. Albert Bandura would categorize Herschel’s beliefs as

Who are the two main contributors to the humanistic perspective?

In the humanistic perspective, realization of one’s own potential is known as

The U.S. Army’s slogan “Be all that you can be” is most consistent with which concept from personality theory?

According to humanistic psychologists, personality is

In comparison to psychodynamic and behaviorist explanations of human behavior and thought processes, humanistic theory is

The impressions you have of yourself are your ___, whereas the degree of liking you have for yourself is your ___

Sonia showed her daughter CONDITIONAL positive regard when she said,

Which term did Rogers use to describe acceptance of a person’s basic worth under any circumstance?

Generalizing from Roger’s ideas about positive regard, which tactic should parents take with their children?

A group of friends take a test examining self- concept. Other factors being equal, which person is likely to have the highest self- esteem?

Comparing self- esteem among young African Americans with that among young White Americans, which of the following has been found

Emma’s sense of who or what she should be is her

Which of the following statements about bestowing unconditional positive regard on children is true?

Abraham Maslow believed which of the following?

From a scientific perspective, which positive aspect of humanistic theory is also its greatest weakness?

As an introductory exercise in their Social Influences course, college students are asked to share the answer they provide to the statement, “I am….” Which student is most likely to be from a collectivistic culture?

Which of the following countries would be classified as collectivistic?

Andre is from a collectivistic culture. Compared to his cousin Amy, who is from an individualistic culture, Andre is more likely to value which of the following?

Which of the following statements regarding culture is true?

A culture that emphasizes social roles and obligations is termed

Which of the following statements about bestowing unconditional positive regard on children is true?

____ reflects the belief that people’s character and mental abilities can be judged by the patterns of bumps on their skull is called

Who was known as the leading proponent of phrenology?

The most widely used method for learning about personality today utilizes

In personality testing, self-report personality inventories are also known as

Which of the following statements is NOT true of objective personality tests?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was designed to

For extra credit in her psychology class, Lucretia just took a 567 item self-report personality inventory admisistered by a graduate student in training. The graduate student told Lucretia that the test is the most widely used self-report personality test in the world. Which test did Lucretia take?

An item such as “People have noticed that my speech is sometimes pressured or rushed” is likely to appear on which subscale of the MMPI-2

Which of the following is true about the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory?

Callie’s therapist gives her a projective test. In her testing, Callie will be expected to respond to

The use of projective tests in measuring personality is most consistent with which perspective on personality?

Rorschach developed a famous personality test that uses what kind of stimuli?

Jacob and his friens like to lie around on summer days, stare up at the clouds, and tell each other what they see in the clouds. Their activity is most like which test of personality?

Rorschach Test is to ___ as Thematic Apperception Test is to ____

Who developed the Thematic Apperception Test?

Wanda takes a personality test in which she is required to tell stories in response to a series of ambiguous pictures. Which test is Wanda taking

Which of the following statements is true about the Rorschach Test?

Who introduced a comprehensive scoring system for the Rorschach Test

What is ment by stimulus pull?

Social- cognitive theorists believe that our self- esteem is related to

Kristin has low self-esteem. In order to raise it she should do which of the following?

Of the following suggestions for building self- esteem, which is most likely to have been made by Albert Ellis?

Most of the skills valued in our society are

In personality testing, self-report personality inventories are also known as

Who developed the Thermatic Apperception Test

A culture that emphasizes social roles and obligations is termed

Which theorist’s model of personality describes personality in terms of three major traits: introversion- extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism?

Which of the following statements regarding culture is true?

From a scientific perspective, which positive aspect of humanistic theory is also a greatest weakness?

According to Freud, most of the human mind resides in the ___ and primitive sexual aggressive instincts lie in the __