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Glucose
- Glucosuria
- Nonpathalogical: excessive intake of sugary foods
- Pathalogical: diabetes mellitus
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Proteins
- Proteinuria
- Nonpathalogical: excessive physical exertion, pregnancy, high protein diet
- Pathalogical: heart failure, severe hypertension, damage to glomerular filtration membrane (glomerulonephritis)
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Bilirubin
- Bilirubinemia
- Nonpathalogical: gall stone blocking the common bile duct
- Pathalogical: liver disease
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Ketone Bodies
- Ketonuria
- Excessive formation and accumulation of ketone bodies, as in starvation and untreated diabetes mellitus
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Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Hematuria
- Bleeding urinary tract (UTI)
- Menstruation
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Low specific gravity
Overly hydrated or ADH not present
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