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What deficiency can contribute to white muscle disease? 2
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What animals are affected by white muscle disease? 4
- Young, rapidly growing:
- Sheep
- Cattle
- Pigs
- Mink
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What are the results of white muscle disease in calves? 2
- Acute cardiac failure
- Dyspnea
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What are the results of white muscle disease in lambs?
Stiff lamb disease (Lesions develop in utero)
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What can white muscle disease cause in pigs? 3
- Mulberry heart disease
- Hepatosis dietetica
- Yellow fat disease
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What exertional myopathy is known as "Monday morning disease" and paralytic myoglobinuria?
Azoturia
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What are some factors involved in Azoturia (paralytic myoglobinuria)? 3
- Electrolyte abnormalities (Na, K, Ca)
- Se deficiency
- Forced exercise after a period of rest when feed is not restricted
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What is an acute and ofter fatal exertional myopathy of wild mammals and birds?
Capture myopathy (pronounced acidosis)
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What are some ionophores that can cause toxic myopathy? 4
- Monensin
- Salinomycin
- Narasin
- Lasolacid
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Which animals are most susceptible to monensin toxicity?
Horses
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How do ionophores affect the body?
- Facilitate movement of cations (Na, Ca) across cell membranes
- Cause cardiovascular shock/collapse
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What substance in cotton seeds is toxic and can cause muscle necrosis?
Gossypol
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What are some factors that can contribute to hypokalemic myopathy in cattle? 3
- Hypokalemia (anorexia and ketosis)
- Glucocorticoids
- IV glucose or insulin
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What are some factors that can contribute to hypokalemic myopathy in cats? 6
- Abnormal skeletal muscle energy metabolism
- Ischemia due to vasoconstriction
- Decreased dietary intake of K
- Increased urinary excretion of K
- Secondary to GIT disease
- Hyperthyroidism
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What are some factors that can contribute to Hypophosphatemia in cattle? 4
- Dietary, vomiting, diarrhea
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Hypercortisolism/CRF
- Diuretics
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What heritable hypermetabolic syndrome in pigs is characterized by respiratory and metabolic acidosis, myoglobinemia, hyperkalemia, high blood lactate, hyperthermia, and cardiovascular collapse (death)?
Porcine stress syndrome (PSS)
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What breeds of pigs are susceptible to Porcine stress syndrome? 6
- Landrace
- Pietran
- Hampshire
- Yorkshire
- Poland
- China
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What factors can contribute to Porcine stress syndrome? 5
- Fighting
- Exercise
- Crowding
- Transporting
- Halothane anesthesia
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What syndrome is characterized by degeneration and necrosis of muscles that are surrounded with a heavy aponeurosis (connective tissue)?
Compartment Syndrome
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In which animals do you see compartment syndrome?
Poultry
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In which animals do you see deep pectoral myopathy? 2
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What acute fatal emphysematous myositis is caused by Clostridium chauvoei?
Blackleg
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What type of myositis shows up as well-demarcated green foci that fades to an off-white when exposed to air?
Eosinophilic myositis of ruminants
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What type of myositis is the result of an autoimmune reaction against type IIc fibers of masticatory muscles?
Eosinophilic myositis
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What disease is a rare and acute (relapsing) eosinophilic myositis in dogs (especially German Shepherds) characterized by swollen painful jaws and blood eosinophila?
Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)
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What is the pathogenesis of masticatory muscle myositis in dogs?
Auto-antibodies against a particular protein present in type IIc fibers
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When is Purpura hemorrhagic in horses usually seen?
Following strangles (Streptococcus equi)
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What is the etiology behind edema of head and limbs in horses with purpura hemorrhagica?
Immune complexes contain IgA and S. equi-specific antigens
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What are some possible causes of granulomatous myositis? 5
- TB
- Systemic mycoses
- Metazoan parasites
- Trichinella spiralis, cysticercosis
- Roeckl's granuloma of cattle
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What important protozoal disease affects primarily herbivores and pigs?
Sarcocystosis (Sarcosporidiosis)
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What is a benign and generally congenital tumor of skeletal muscle frequently found in the cow, sheep and pig?
Rhabdomyoma (in heart)
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What malignant counterpart of the rhabdomyoma is commonly found in the cow, sheep, dog and horse?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
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What disease of the neuromuscular junction causes weakness and severe muscular fatigue and is seen in dogs and cats?
Myasthenia gravis
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What congenital defect is the cause of myasthenia gravis in Jack Russell terriers, Springer spaniels, and smooth fox terriers?
Reduced number of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors
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What acquired defect is the cause of myasthenia gravis in Akitas, German shorthaired pointers, Chihuahuas, Rottweilers, and Abyssinian cats?
Develop antibodies (IgG) against ACh receptors
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