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Mechanical mvmt of air in and out of lungs
Ventilation
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Mvmt of air in and out of lungs as well as gas exchange
Respiration
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Conducting zone vs respiratory zone
Conducting primary function is to provide conduit through which air can flow & includes airways up to respiratory bronchioles (in resp zone)
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Device which measures lung volumes from which lung capacities can be calculated
Spirometer
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The volume of air that moves into and out of lungs during a single, unforced breath
Tidal volume (VT)
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Max vol of air that can be inspired from the end of a normal inspiration
Inspiratory reserve volume (ISV)
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Max vol of air that can be expired from the end of a normal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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Air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration to prevent them from collapsing
Residual volume (RV)
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Diseases which involve increases in airway resistance (blockage)
Obstructive pulmonary diseases
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Diseases which involve something interfering with lung expansion (less compliance)
Restrictive pulmonary diseases
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Max amt of air a person can expire following a maximal inspiration
FVC (forced vital capacity)
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Amt of air after a maximal exhalation that can be exhaled in a certain amt of time: ____; Max amt exhaled in first sec (___)
- FEV (forced expiratory volume)
- FEV1
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Obstructive disorders have ___ than normal ____,
Restrictive disorders have ___ than normal ____
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What is normal FEV1 to FVC ratio?
.75-.85
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Total amt of air that flows into or out of the resp system
Minute ventilation (VE)
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Minute Ventilation (VE) =
VT x f
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Ventilation is higher in upper body b/c __
not as trained as lower body. Smaller muscle groups need more O2 b/c not using it as efficienty as larger muscle groups.
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Normal Tidal volume (VT) at rest in mL
500 mL per breath
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Anatomical vs physiological dead space
- Anatomical: air in resp tract not participating in gas xchg
- Physiological: extra dead space from damaged lung tissue where no gas xchg takes place
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Max rate of airflow during a forced expiration
Peak flow (in L)
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Ratio to test for pulmonary disorders
FEV1/VC
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.................| SBP | DBP | HR | TPR | VR | SV | Q |
Isometric:
Dynamic:
- ................| SBP | DBP | HR | TPR | VR | SV | Q
- Isometric: I | I | I | I | D | D | nc
- Dynamic: I | nc | I | D | I | I | I
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FEV1/VC ratio ___ with obstructive disorders and ___ with restrictive disorders
decreases; increases
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Ability to duplicate total liters (VC), but unable to force air out at the same rate (FEV1) (disorder)
Obstructive
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Ability to force air out of the lungs at the same rate (FEV1), but unable to fill the lungs with the same amount of air (VC). (disorder)
Restrictive
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Chemoreceptors (in blood vessels, Medulla)
__ pH = ↑ ventilation
__ CO2= ↑ ventilation
__ O2= ↑ ventilation
Muscle and joint receptors
↑ mechanical stress = __ ventilation
Pain and temperature receptors
↑ pain, temp. = __ ventilation
- Chemoreceptors (in blood vessels, Medulla)
- ↓ pH = ↑ ventilation
- ↑ CO2= ↑ ventilation
- ↓ O2= ↑ ventilation
- Muscle and joint receptors
- ↑ mechanical stress = ↑ ventilation
- Pain and temperature receptors
- ↑ pain, temp. = ↑ ventilation
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