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Homo heidelbergensis (600-1000kya)
- traits shared w/Homo erectus:
- 1. occipital torus
- 2. supraorbital torus
- 3. receding frontal
found in Africa, Asia, and Europe
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Homo floresiensis
- might have evolved from H. erectus
- 18-13,000kya
- "insular dwarfing"
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Discovery of Neandertal
- in 1856 German worker discovered skull cap
- they occupied from 150-35kya
- distinctly known for:
- -mid facial prognathism
- -robust body
- -occipital bun
- -retromolar gap
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Primate Origins
- Paleocene (65mya)
- -plesiadapids "primate like" bot not
- Eocene (54mya)
- -early prosimians
- -adapids
- -omomyids
- Oligocene (34mya)
- early anthropoid
- -new world monkey?
- -aegyptopithecus
- Miocene (23mya)
- -early hominoid
- -oreopithecus
- -gigantopithecus
- -sivipithecus
- -proconsul (moneky or ape?)
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Early Hominins (6.2mya)
- Ardipithecus ramidus
- Australopithecus afarensis
- Australopithecus africanus
- - bipedal on the ground but retained arboreal adaptations
- - jaws and teeth were intermediate between chimp and human
- - brain size similar to apes
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Hominins w/unique adaptations 3.1mya
- A.aethiopithecus
- P. boisei
- P. robustus
- - bipedal on the ground but still retained arboreal adaptations
- - had large cheek teeth and skulls for heavy chewing
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First members of Homo (2.4-0.6mya)
- Homo habilis/rudolfensis
- - similar to Australopiths, but with smaller cheek teeth and smaller brains
- Homo ergaster/erectus
- - human like efficient bipedalism
- - lower sexual dimorphism
- - new chewing adaptation
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Later members of Homo
- Homo heidelbergensis (600-1000kya)
- - similar to H. erectus, but with larger brain
- - found in Africa, Asia, Europe
- Homo floresiensis (18-13kya)
- - tiny hominins found from Indonesia
- - possibly evolved from H. erectus
- Homo neandertalensis (45-30kya)
- - found in Europe and W. Asia
- - several unique traits (mid-facial prognathism. occipital bun. retromolar gap) very robust
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Anatomically modern H. sapien (100-200kya)
- - vertical foreheads, flat faces tucked under their brains, and chins
- - populate the earth
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Trends in hominin evolution
- - smaller and flatter faces
- - rounder and larger brain cases
- - less robusticity
- - smaller teeth
- - taller, longer limbs
- - less sexual dimorphism
- - reduced prognathism
- - brain expansion
- - higher cranial vault
- - more rounded skull
- - less receding chin
- - mere flexed skull base
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