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A. africanus (2.8-2.4mya)
- - Taung, South Africa
- - child (tooth eruption)
- - small deciduous canines
- - ape- sized brain
- - endocast showed brain stem position changed (foramen magnum)
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Piltdown Man
- - "discovered" in 1912 in England by Charles Dawson
- - "proved" earliest hominin was English (not African)
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A. africanus (2.802.4mya) Bipedal Traits
- - Human like shape of pelvis
- - Convergent big toe
- - Foramen magnum under skull
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The Pleistocene
First members of the genus Homo
- First discoveries of Homo at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
- Dating atleast 2.4-1.6mya (Pleistocene)
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Homo habilis (2.4-1.6)
- associated with Mode 1 Oldowan tools
- larger brain
- reduced cheek teeth
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Homo ergaster (1.8-0.6mya)
- "Turkana Boy"
- - closely related to modern human
- - tall
- - associated w/Acheulean hand axes Mode 2
- - first hominin to leave africa
- Shared features w/earlier hominins:
- - Supraorbital torus and sulcus- no chin/receding forehead
- Derived features:
- - big brain
- - smaller cheek teeth
- - higher skull/less prognathism
- - Occipital torus (bump in back of head)
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Homo erectus
- - large brow ridges
- - sagittal keel
- - angled occipital region w/torus
- - East Asian- less elaborate tool, beleived to have used bamboo tools instead
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Trend
- smaller, flatter faces
- rounder, larger brain cases
- less robusticity
- smaller teeth
- taller, longer limbs
- less sexual dimorphism
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