Reproductive_System.txt

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What are the external skin folds homologous to the scrotum?

Labia majora
What enclosed the vestibule of the female?

Labia minora
What is the female structure homologous to the penis?

Clitoris
What glands are responsible for lubrication during intercourse?

Greater vestibular glands
What us the thick muscular lining of the uterus?

Endometrium
What are the layers of the endometrium?

Stratum functionalis and stratum basalis
What layer of the endometrium sloughs off during mensturation?

Stratum functionalis
What is the function if the stratum basalis?

Produces the stratum functionalis
What are the superolateral regions of the uterus that extend laterally?

Fallopian tubes
What are the finger-like projections of the Fallopian tubes?

Fimbriae
Where is the site of egg formation?

Ovaries
In what sacs do the testes lie?

Scrotum
What function do the testes have?

Endocrine (testosterone) and exocrine (sperm)
What are the layers that cover the testes?

Tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis
What layer of the tested covering divides it into lobes?

Tunics albuginea
What layer of the testes covering covers the seminiferous tubules and part of the epididymis?

Tunica vaginalis
What us the site of spermatogenesis?

Seminiferous tubules
What cells produce testosterone in the testes?

Interstitial cells
What is the set if tubules that follows the seminiferous tubules?

Rete testes
What is the sure of sperm maturation?

Epididymis
What is the skeletal muscle responsible for thermoregulation of the testes?

Cremaster muscle
What transports sperm from the epididymis?

Vas deferens
What secretes a fluid into the urethra that activates the sperm?

Prostate
What produces the majority of the seminal fluid?

Seminal vesicles
What gland secretes mucous into the urethra prior to ejaculation?

Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
Where does the urethra start?

Prostate to membranous urethra to spongy urethra
What are the divisions of erectile tissue in the penis?

Corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
What erectile tissue is organized in paired dorsal cylinders?

Corpora cavernosa
What erectile tissue runs throughout the penis?

Corpora spongiosum
What are the stages of spermatogenesis?

Spermatagonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatids -> spermatozoa -> sperm
At what stage does genetic information get cut in half?

When the secondary spermatocytes are formed
What performs a counter-current heat exchange function for the testes?

Pampiniform plexus
What are the stages of forming an ovum?

Oogonia -> primordial follicle with primary oocyte -> primary follicle with primary oocyte -> secondary follicle with primary oocyte -> graffian follicle with secondary oocyte -> ovum (when fertilized) or corpus luteum (when secondary oocyte is ovulated)
What hormone stimulates development of the primary follicle?

FSH
What effect does FSH have on primary follicles?

Cause follicles to secrete estrogen
What hormone provides a negative feedback for FSH?

Estrogen
What hormone influenced the proliferation phase of the uterus?

Estrogen
What is the main hormone produces during the follicular phase of the ovary?

Estrogen
What does the corpus luteum produce?

Estrogen and progesterone
What hormones build up on the endometrium during the secretory phase?

Estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen an progesterone produced by the corpus luteum provide negative feedback to decrease what hormone?

LH
What does a decrease in LH cause?

Breakdown of the corpus luteum which leads to menstruation
What hormone replaces LH in early pregnancy?

HCG
What function does HCG have?

Maintains the corpus luteum for 1st 8 weeks
What is the layer around the secondary oocyte that sperm have to digest?

Corona radiata
What does meiosis I do?

Separates homologous chromosomes to produce 2 haploid cells (crossover may occur)
What does meiosis II do?

Separates chromatids of each chromosome producing 4 gametes
What have the potential to undergo spermatogenesis or produce stem cells?

Spermatagonia
Meiosis in males produces what?

Spermatids
What do sustentacular cells do?

Maintains environment of the seminiferious tubules and produce ABP which combines with testosterone to complete spermatogenesis
what is the enzymatic cap of the sperm head called?

Acrosome
Where do the flagellum come from?

Centrioles
What area concentrates the sperm?

Rete testes
What aids in emmision?

Rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle layers of the epididymis
what do the spermatic cord and seminal vesicle duct become?

Ejaculatory duct
What two substances control spermatogenesis?

ABP and testosterone
What stimulates the sustentacular cells?

FSH
What provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus in spermatogenesis?

Inhibin and testosterone
What is a mature follicle called?

Graafian follicle
What is a negative feedback for FSH in women?

Estrogen
What exerts positive feedback on the pituitary to release LH?

Estrogen
What are the initial effects of LH?

Completion of meiosis II, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum
What produces negative feedback on the pituitary to decrease LH secretion?

Corpus luteum
What is the dense bundle of cells formed by day 6 of fertilization?

Morula
What surrounds the embryo and bathes it in fluid?

Amnion
What produces HCG to keep the corpus luteum in tact and later forms the fetal placenta?

Chorion
What extend into the endometrium to exchange gases and nutrients?

Chorionic villi
What arteries serve the basal layer of the endometrium?

Straight arteries
What arteries serve the functional layer of the endometrium?

Spiral arteries
What do the lacunae formed in the endometrium do?

Provide blood to the placenta
What section of the fallopian tube is the site of fertilization?

Ampula
What does the maternal portion of the placenta form from?

Decidua basalis
What does the CO2 difference from the fetus cause?

Double Bohr effect on oxygen release from maternal hemoglobin and saturation of fetal hemoglobin
What does relaxin do?

Prepares cervix and pelvic ligaments for birth
What does somatomammotropin do?

Stimulates development of secretory cells in the breast
What causes a positive feedback mechanism for delivery?

Pressure on cervix and oxytocin

Author

asmalley

120440

Card Set

Reproductive_System.txt

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Updated

2011-12-06T06:19:04Z

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