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Define Biodiversity
- Biodiversity
- is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region...that scientists
- measure in different ways
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What're the levels of biodiversity?
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What is species diversity?
- variety
- of all different types of organisms in an area
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Define: Taxonomy
- science
- of naming organisms & classifying biological diversity
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What are 3 domains of heirarchal classification?
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What're the kingdoms of Eukayota?
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plantae
- multi-celled
- photosynthesis
- (producers)
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protista
- - single-celled
- - nucleus
- - photosynthetic, grazers, predators
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Species
- a group
- of organisms that have distinct characteristics
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biological species concept
- a
- evolutionary lineage that is prevented from interbreeding
- with other populations
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morphological species concept
- defined
- by a set of morphological traits that are unique to the species
- (usually basis of identification)
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Phylogenetic / Darwinian species concept
- group
- of individuals that shares an ancestor
- • lineage is
- distinct with respect to other lineages
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species diversity
variety of all different types of organisms in an area
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Species Richness
number of different species within a given area
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Species Evenness
relative abundance of a species
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Species Richness
number of different species within a given area
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Genetic Diversity (variation)
- no two individuals
- are exactly alike in their genetic makeup
- -individuals have
- slightly different form of their genes
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locus
The point where the gene is located on the chromosome
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allele
- -different gene forms that exist for a given trait
- -original differences arise via mutation
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genotype/phenotype
genotype- all the alleles for an individual
phenotype- expression of the gentype
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Gene Pool
sum of all alleles found in a population
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allele frequency
- how often each allele appears in a population (%)
- (high genetic variation increases species ability to adapt)
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genetic bottleneck
- event in which a significant % of a population (or species) dies or is otherwise
- prevented from reproducing
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ecosphere
- The global ecosystem of Earth
- (same as biosphere)
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Ecosystem Diversity
- variety of communities, habitats, & ecological processes within the ecosphere
- • energy flow
- • nutrient cycling
- • succession & disturbance
- • symbiotic relationships
- • predator-prey relationships
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alpha diversity
diversity within one area, community, ecosystem
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Beta diversity
diversity between/among different communities or ecosystems
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gamma diversity
- - diversity in a large area or continent
- -considers both alpha & beta
- diversity
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why should we protect biodiversity?
- food
- • pharmaceutical & industrial products
- • energy
- • recreational experiences / ecotourism
- carbon sequestration
- • climate regulation
- • photosynthesis
- • waste decomposition
- & detoxification
- • nutrient cycling
- • purification of water
- • pollination and seed dispersal
- • pest / disease control
- • soil genesis /
- succession
- • ecosystem
- stability
- • artistic /
- spiritual inspiration
- • accounting for uncertainty
- • protection of options
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