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Define Motivation.
A need or desire that serves to energize behavior and to direct it towards a goal.
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List the six motivation theoretical perspectives.
- - Instinct
- - Drive Reduction
- - Incentive
- - Arousal
- - Cognition
- - Hierachy of Needs
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Define Instinct.
Biologically determined inborn, unlearned patterns of behavior essential for surival.
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Instinct can explain much of animal and human ____________, but less so for humans.
behavior
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Define Drive-Reduction Theory.
Physiological need creating a psychological state that drives behavior to reduce the need.
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Define Homeostasis.
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state and is the psychological goal of the drive-reduction theory.
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Drive-reduction theory is seen as __________ us towards a goal from an ____________ perspective.
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Define incentive.
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that movtivates behavior.
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From an _____________ perspective, incentives _______ us toward or away from something.
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Neither _______________ or ____________ does not explain why we do things due to curiousity or thrill seeking reasons.
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Define arousal.
Maintaining a certain level of stimulation and activity.
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Define cognitive.
Motivation through thoughts, expectations, and understanding of the world.
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Define Yerkes-Doson Law.
The relationship between arousal and performance that states that our best performance is when we are moderately aroused.
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Define Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs.
Motivation that progresses from meeting the most fundamental, basic biological needs to higher-order ones.
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List the five parts of Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs in order from most basic to highest order
- - Physiological Needs
- - Safety Needs
- - Belongingness and Love Needs
- - Esteem Needs
- - Self Actualization Needs
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Define Physiological Needs.
Need to satisfy hunger and thirst
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Define Safety Needs.
Need to feel that the world is organized and predictible; need to feel safe, secure, and stable.
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Define Belongingness and Love Needs.
Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation.
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Define Esteem Needs
Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others.
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Define Self-Actualization Needs.
Need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential.
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