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chapter 7 motor speech disorders and dysphagia
p 160
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2 categories of motor speech disorders: apraxia of speech and the dysarthrias
p 160
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respiration, phonation, articulation, nasal resonance, prosody
p 160
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injury, disease or stroke
p 160
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the big 3 neurogenic communication disorders: aphasia, apraxia of speech, and the dysarthrias
p 161
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3 types of apraxia: apraxia of speech (verbal), oral apraxia (buccofacial), limb apraxia (body)
p 161
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aphasia
often occurs with apraia of speech
receptive aphasia, expressive aphasia, broca's aphasia,
p 164
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broca: speech programming deficit
164
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apraxia of speech
broca's area (general area of affected during apraxia and aphasia. found in left hemisphere of the brain in most right-handed individuals
164
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overshooting: carp vs car
undershooting: dar vs car
p 166
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when want to say CAR
addition: k-s-ar vs car
uh: schwa
substitution: f for k so far vs car
filler
propositionality
166
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therapy
automatic speech
other apraxias (3 apraxias discussed)
p 167
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dysarthrias: group of motor speech disorders that can be classified based on the site and nature of damage to the brain and central nervous system; sometimes called neuromuscular disorders
p 168
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types of dysarthria:
ataxic, flaccid, hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, mixed, spastic
spastic:in the state of prolonged partial or complete contraction
p 169
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range of motion
pitch range
monopitch
monoloudness
p169
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flaccid dysarthria: the opposite of spastic
results from lower motor neuron damage, and the motor unit is impaired
final common pathway of neurological impulses
a flacid muscle is weak and limp
breathy or completely without the ability to make a voice (aphonic)
unilateral adductor paralysis (1 vocal cord is completely or partially paralyzed)
bilateral adductor paralysis
inhalatory stridor
midline
hypernasality and nasal emissions
interoral air pressure
p 170
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ataxic dysarthria: results from damage to the cerebella system;prosody disorder
cerebellum
ataxia: coordination problem; ill timed & jerky
cerebral palsy
stress: amount of loudness one syllable has compared to another in a word
your movements would appear ham-handed and clumsy (drunkard)
coarticulation
p 171
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hypokinetic dysarthria
extrapyramidal system
parkinson's disease
indirect motor system
dopamine
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