-
What are antibiotics used for?
to kill bacteria and ultimately to treat the bacterial infection
-
What should you do before starting treatment with antibiotics?
Culture & sensitivity of affected part.
-
What are the 4 different ways to prescribe antibiotics?
- Empiric
- propholactic
- broad spectrum
- narrow spectrum
-
What is empiric therapy?
treating with antibiotics before identifying the bacteria
-
What is Prophylactic therapy
Giving an antibiotic to prevent and infection
-
What is meant by broad spectrum?
effective against several groups of microorganisms. Antibiotics cover a large group of infections
-
What is meant by narrow spectrum therapy?
effective against a few groups
-
what is the definition of bactericidal
kill bacteria
-
What is the definition of bacteriostatic
inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria, rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death
-
what is a superinfections?
elimination of good and bad bacteria therefore allow other bacteria or fungus to grow
-
What are the teaching instructions for a patient going home with tetracyclines?
-
Mechanism of action for Penicillins?
- 1. Interfers with the ability of the bacteria to build cell wall
- 2. prevents bacteria from biosynthesizing
- 3. weaken bacterial cell wall
- 4. cells swell and burst from the osmotic pressure in cell
-
Mechanism of action for Quinolons
- 1. bacterialcide
- 2. effective against gram negative and some gram positive
- 3. alter DNA of bacteria, causing death
- 4. do not affect human DNA
-
What is mechanism of action for Sulfonamides
- 1. bacteriostatic
- 2. prevent systhesis folic acid
- 3. does not affect human cell growth
-
What are teaching and discharge instructions for tetracycline
- 1. Thus, dairy products, antacids, and iron salts reduce absorption of Tetracyclines, except Doxycycline
- 2. Strong affinity for calcium
- 3. Discoloration of permanent teeth and tooth enamel in fetuses and children
- 4. May retard fetal skeletal development if 1st trimester of pregnancy
-
Tetracycline side effects
- Alteration in intestinal flora may result in:
- - Superinfection (overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms such as Candida)
- - Diarrhea
- - Pseudomembranous colitis
-
What do you do before you start antibiotics?
Culture & sensitivity
-
What do we primarily use Flagyl for?
- 1. Active against anaerobic organisms
- 2. H-Pylori
- 3. Intestinal amebiasis
- 4. Trichomoniasis
- 5. Clostridium difficile
- 6. Bacterial vaginosis
- 7. prophylaxis for colorectal surgery
-
What are nursing interventions for anti-TB drugs
- Hepatoxicity, headaches, blood dyscriasis, GI distress. STRESS NEED to complete drug therapy.
- Collect sputum specimens in early am, before eating,
- Assess for weight loss.
- Monitor for hepatotoxicity, Jaundice, clay colored stools, dark urine, elevated liver enzymes
-
What is Amphotericin B given for?
Severly systemic Fungal infections
-
What is the duration of action for Amphotericin B?
20 hours
-
Is Ampotericin B toxic or non-toxic?
Highly toxic
-
How is Ampotericin B administered?
- IV route only
- premedication is sometimes used
-
What is Ampotericin B contraindicated for?
hepatic or renal disease
-
What are the side effects and adverse reactoins for Amphotericin B?
- Fever, chills , nausea and vomitin
- Hypotension
- Paresthesias
- Thrombophlebitis
- Muscle weakness
- Nephrotoxicity
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Cardiac dysrhythmias and seizures
- anemia
-
As a nurse what are you going to assess for first with Amphotericin B?
cardiac dysrhythmias and seizures
-
What is meant by Peak and Trough?
- Peak= 30-60 min after infused
- Trough= immediately before administration of next dose
-
What is photosensitivity?
increased sensitivity to the sun and other UV
-
How is Vancimycin administered?
10 mg/min.
-
Know what antiviral are used to treat?
- Flu
- Herpes
- CMV
- Hepatitis B
- HIV are viruses
-
How do viruses replicate?
- inside living cell
- Antivirals inhibit viral replication
-
Teaching responsibilities for client taking penicillin?
- take the whole prescription
- take with full glass of water
- don't store drugs in sunlight or heat
-
When taking Sulphanomydes the nurse needs to make sure pt does this ___________, and this ______________
- Stay out of the sun
- drink 2000 mL of water
- if female, use another form of birth control
|
|
