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Abduction
Movement away from the midline
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Accessory Muscles
found in the neck, chest, and abdomen that can increase the forces of inhalation and exhalation in patients in respitory distress
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Anterior
toward the front of the body
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Artery
muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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Bilateral
occuring on both sides
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Capillary
thin-walled vessel that exchange of nutrients and waste products occurs between blood and tissue fluid through diffusion
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Cardiac arrest
cessation of a functional heartbeat
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Central
situated at, or near the center
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Diastolic blood pressure
blood pressure measured during the relaxation phase (diastole) of the heart. The pressure at which the sounds heard through a stethoscope disappear or significantly diminish.
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Distal
farther away from the body
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Dorsal
Toward the back (or ventral) surface
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Epiglottis
Flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
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Epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases sympathetic activity throughout the body. Effects include increase in heart rate, force of contraction, bronchodialation, and rate of breathing; increased blood flow to skeletal muscles with decreased flow to other organs. and increased blood glucose. Also called adrenaline.
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Extenstion
Straightening of a joint
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Femur
The thighbone, largest bone of the body.
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Flexion
Bending of a joint
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Hypoperfusion
Decreased blood flow through an organ, as in shock. Prolonged periods of hypoperfusion can lead to permanent dysfunction or death.
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Inferior
towards the feet
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Insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas; necessary for glucose metabolism.
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Lateral
towards the side of the body
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Medial
Toward the midline of the body
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Midaxillary
imaginary line on the body that extends from the armpit down through the lower chest wall.
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Midclavicular
imaginary line on the body that extends from the middle section of the clavicle down through the lower chest wall.
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Midline
imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves.
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Perfusion
fluid passing through an organ or part of the body. The surrounding and bathing of a tissue or cell with blood or the fluid part of blood.
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Peripheral
away from the center of the body
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Posterior
Structures toward the rear of the body.
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Prone
Lying facedown or on the ventral or anterior surface of the body.
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Proximal
Closer to the trunk
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Shock
results from failure of the circulatory system to perfuse and oxygenate the vital organs of the body adequately.
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Supine
when person is lying on his or her back
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Systolic blood pressure
blood pressure measured during the contraction (systole) of the heart, noted by the first sound heard through a stethoscope when blood pressure is obtained.
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Tidal Volume
Volume of air inspired and expired during one breath. Normal tidal volume is at rest for an adult about 500mL
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Trachea
hollow tube with several horseshoe shaped rings on the surface that support and provide structure for this portion of the airway. Also called "windpipe".
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Vein
blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
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Ventral
toward the abdomen, or anterior
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Vertabrae
the irregular bones that form the spinal column
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