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How do organisms reach the lungs?
Blood, Inhalation, Aspiration, Penetration-via trauma
BIAP-trauma
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What are the most common pulmonary presenting symptoms?
Chronic Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspnea
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A cough must be present for ____ to be considered chronic.
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Common causes of chronic cough?
Smoking, Asthma, Post Nasal Drip & GERD
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Bronchiectasis
- Chronic dilation of portions of bronchial tree, through the breakdown
- of bronchial walls resulting in local cavitations
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Priority when evaluating hemoptysis?
ID the SOURCE!
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Causes of bleeding from LOWER Resp. Tract ?
Infection, Cancer, CHF, Pulmonary Embolism
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Clubbing of fingers can indicate...
Lung cancer & chronic infection
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Common causes of Shortness of Breath
CHF, COPD, Asthma, Anemia
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CHF, COPD, Asthma, Anemia
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CONSTRICTION of airways + WHEEZING upon auscultation would be?
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2 major COPD entities
Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema
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On average COPD Pt’s have exacerbations ____ times a year.
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Classes of drugs useful in tx of asthma & COPD?
Inhaled bronchodilators & Inhaled or Oral Corticosteroids
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2 drugs that should be AVOIDED in ASTHMATICS
ASA & Beta Blockers
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Status Asthmaticus
Pt in continuous asthma state despite adequate drug therapy .
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Every pt Dx w/ COPD should be vaccinated against...
Influenza & Pneumococcus
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ACUTE Bronchitis etiology ?
Viral (in most cases)
(I.E. Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Flu A&B, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza, Coxsackievirus)
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Chief characteristic of Pneumonia ?
Crackles on auscultation
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CAP most common cause?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
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Pneumonia
Acute inflammation of the terminal airways, alveoli & interstitium, usually a result of infection
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Persons @ greater risk of Pulmonary Embolism are?
Female who smokes & is on oral contraceptives, Post surgical/bed-ridden pt., post long bone/hip fracture
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Key sign of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hypoxemia despite O2 Therapy
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Pleurisy = stimulation of pain fibers in parietal pleura, 2ndary to inflammation =
treat with analgesics/anti-inflammatory for pain, codeine for cough, intercostals nerve block, FIX UNDERLYING DISEASE
- FIX UNDERLYING DISEASE
- Treat with analgesics/anti-inflammatory for pain, Codeine for cough,
- Intercostals nerve block
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Name the classifications of Pulmonary Drugs
- Bronchodilators
- Anti-Histamines
- Decongestants
- Anti-Tussives
- Xanthines
- Expectorant
- Corticosteroids
- Anti-Cholinergics
- Leukotrine Antagonists
- Cromolyn Sodium
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